Pavement Markings and Sign Colors and Shapes
Pavement markings and sign colors carry consistent meanings that questions exploit. Yellow lines separate traffic moving in opposite directions; white lines separate traffic moving in the same direction or mark the right edge. A broken line may be crossed when safe; a solid line should not be crossed except as permitted. Double solid yellow means no passing in either direction. A solid yellow on your side of a broken line restricts passing for you.
Shape and color are shortcuts: octagon = STOP, inverted triangle = YIELD, diamond = warning, pentagon = school, circle = railroad advance, rectangle = regulatory or guide. Color: red = stop or prohibition, yellow = warning, orange = work zone, green = guidance, blue = services, brown = recreation, white = regulatory or general information.
Traps: confusing a solid white edge line with a lane divider; assuming a broken yellow line permits passing regardless of sight distance; and mixing up yellow and white line meanings. Another trap is a sign whose shape signals a warning but whose color is nonstandard in a question - trust the shape and legend together.
Rule of thumb: yellow divides opposing traffic, white divides same-direction traffic or marks edges. Worked example: you see a broken yellow line on your side and a solid yellow line on the opposing side. You may pass when safe and legal; opposing traffic may not. If both lines were solid yellow, neither direction may pass.