BiH Theory C cheat sheet

Priority-to-the-right applies at unmarked intersections; at marked intersections signs or signals override it.

A STOP sign requires a full stop at the stop line, then yield to traffic on the priority road before entering.

Triangle signs with red borders are warnings; circles with red borders are prohibitions; blue circles are mandatory instructions.

A solid white centre line may not be crossed; a broken line may be crossed when it is safe and does not obstruct others.

Maximum permitted blood alcohol for drivers in Bosnia and Herzegovina is 0.3 g/kg (0.03%); lower limits apply to professional and novice drivers.

Safety belt use is mandatory for the driver and all passengers; children under 12 must use an appropriate child restraint.

Speed limits in built-up areas are 50 km/h unless a sign states otherwise; outside built-up areas the general limit is 80 km/h, and 100 km/h on motorways.

At a pedestrian crossing, the driver must stop for a pedestrian already on the crossing or clearly about to step onto it.

Category B covers motor vehicles up to 3500 kg maximum mass with no more than eight seats besides the driver.

Category A covers motorcycles; A1 is limited to 125 cm3 and 11 kW, A2 to 35 kW.

Category C covers goods vehicles over 3500 kg; C1 covers goods vehicles from 3500 to 7500 kg.

Category D covers buses with more than eight passenger seats; D1 covers buses with up to sixteen passenger seats.

Category BE, CE and DE are trailer categories; the towing vehicle must already be covered by the holder's B, C or D entitlement.

A trailer over 750 kg requires a separate registration and its own licence plate in addition to the towing vehicle's plate.

Category AM covers mopeds: two-wheelers with engine up to 50 cm3 and design speed not exceeding 45 km/h.

Driving a vehicle without the correct category entitlement is treated as driving without a licence.

Maximum permitted width for a motor vehicle is 2.55 m; for refrigerated vehicles it is 2.60 m.

Maximum permitted height is 4.00 m; maximum permitted length for a single motor vehicle is 12.00 m.

Maximum length for an articulated vehicle (tractor unit plus semi-trailer) is 16.50 m; for a truck plus trailer it is 18.75 m.

Maximum authorised mass for a two-axle vehicle is 18 t; for a three-axle vehicle 25 t (26 t for a drive axle with twin tyres and air suspension).

Load must not protrude more than 1 m beyond the front of the vehicle or more than 1.5 m beyond the rear without special marking.

Loads protruding more than 1 m to the rear must be marked with a red flag or board by day and a red light at night.

The load must be secured so that it cannot shift, fall off, or drag on the road; the driver is responsible for securing it.

Axle load must not exceed the manufacturer's rated limit or the limit shown on the vehicle's registration document.

Safe following distance at 50 km/h on dry asphalt is at least 25 m (the two-second rule); double it in rain and quadruple it on ice.

Stopping distance equals reaction distance plus braking distance; reaction distance at 50 km/h with 1 s reaction time is about 14 m.

Braking distance grows with the square of speed: doubling speed from 50 to 100 km/h quadruples the braking distance.

On a skid, release the brake or throttle and steer in the direction you want the front of the vehicle to go.

Engine braking on a long descent prevents brake fade; use a lower gear rather than continuous service braking.

Aquaplaning occurs when tyres lose contact with the road through a water film; ease off the accelerator and avoid sudden braking or steering.

When overtaking, signal, check mirrors and blind spot, move out, pass with adequate lateral clearance, then return only when the overtaken vehicle is visible in the interior mirror.

A loaded vehicle has a longer braking distance and a higher centre of gravity, so corner speeds must be reduced accordingly.

The three leading causes of serious crashes are excessive or inappropriate speed, alcohol impairment, and failure to use seat belts.

A driver's field of vision narrows with speed: useful peripheral vision decreases markedly above 70 km/h.

Fatigue impairs reaction time comparably to low blood alcohol; a break of at least 15 minutes every two hours is the standard countermeasure.

At an accident scene, secure the site first: hazard lights, warning triangle at least 50 m back on ordinary roads and 100 m on motorways.

Do not move an injured person unless there is an immediate danger such as fire; suspected spinal injury requires immobilisation.

Blind spots must be checked by turning the head, not only by mirrors; a vehicle in the adjacent lane may not appear in the mirror.

Wet road surfaces can double the braking distance; ice can increase it up to ten times compared with dry asphalt.

A warning triangle must be placed so it is visible to approaching traffic at least 100 m away on a motorway.

Emergency number in Bosnia and Herzegovina is 112 for the unified emergency service; 122 for police, 123 for fire, 124 for ambulance.

The first step at any incident is to check for danger to yourself and the casualty before approaching.

Check responsiveness by speaking and gently shaking the shoulders; check breathing for no more than 10 seconds.

An unresponsive casualty who is not breathing normally requires CPR: 30 chest compressions at 100-120 per minute, then 2 rescue breaths.

Chest compressions should be at least 5 cm deep but no more than 6 cm in an adult, with full recoil between compressions.

Severe bleeding is controlled by direct pressure on the wound, then a dressing; do not remove an object embedded in the wound.

For a burn, cool with running water for at least 10 minutes and do not burst blisters or apply ointments.

Place an unconscious but breathing casualty in the recovery position and monitor breathing until help arrives.

Minimum tyre tread depth is 1.6 mm for passenger cars; tyres must be replaced when the wear indicator is reached.

Tyre pressure should be checked when tyres are cold; under-inflation increases fuel consumption and tyre temperature.

Brake fluid is hygroscopic and should be replaced typically every two years regardless of mileage.

Engine oil level is checked with the vehicle on level ground and the engine off for several minutes; the level must be between the min and max marks.

A vehicle must pass periodic technical inspection; the inspection sticker and registration documents must be carried.

The warning triangle, first-aid kit, spare wheel or repair kit, and reflective vest are mandatory equipment in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Coolant must never be opened when the engine is hot; the pressurised system can cause severe scalding.

Lights must be correctly aimed; a misaligned headlight dazzles oncoming drivers and is a defect at technical inspection.

Fuel consumption rises steeply above 90-100 km/h because aerodynamic drag increases with the square of speed.

A roof box or roof rack can increase fuel consumption by 10-25% at motorway speeds; remove it when not in use.

Correct tyre pressure can reduce fuel consumption by up to 3%; under-inflation increases rolling resistance.

Anticipatory driving, avoiding hard acceleration and braking, can cut fuel use by 10-20% in urban traffic.

Idling for more than about 30 seconds uses more fuel than restarting the engine; switch off in stationary queues.

Cold starts use extra fuel; combining short trips into one longer journey reduces consumption and engine wear.

Engine braking and coasting in gear cut fuel to zero on modern injection engines; coasting in neutral does not and is unsafe.

Regular servicing, clean air filters, and correctly functioning lambda sensors keep emissions and consumption within design values.