JIBC Police Exam flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Section 10(b) Charter right

On arrest or detention, a person must be informed promptly of the reason and of the right to retain and instruct counsel without delay, and must be given a reasonable opportunity to exercise that right.

Reasonable grounds standard

An objective standard requiring facts that would lead a reasonable person to believe an offence has been or is being committed; it is more than suspicion but less than proof beyond a reasonable doubt.

Use of force proportionality

The force used must be no more than reasonably necessary in the circumstances, assessed on the totality of the situation, including the subject's behaviour, the officer's training, and available alternatives.

Approved screening device demand

Under Criminal Code s. 254(2), a peace officer who reasonably suspects alcohol in a person's body may demand an immediate breath sample; refusal without reasonable excuse is an offence.

Chain of custody

The documented, unbroken record of every person who handled an exhibit, with date, time, description, and location, used to demonstrate the integrity of the evidence in court.

Incident-to-arrest search

A warrantless search limited to the arrested person, the immediate surroundings, and items within the person's control, justified by officer safety and evidence preservation.

Sheriff core responsibilities

Provincial sheriffs are primarily responsible for court security, prisoner transport, warrant execution, and service of court documents, rather than municipal patrol duties.

Court security screening

Everyone entering a secure court area is subject to search and screening for weapons, sharp objects, and disruptive items; denial of entry must be documented.

Warrant of committal

A court order directing that a person be taken into custody and delivered to a correctional facility; the sheriff must confirm identity, validity, and record arrest and delivery times.

Jury sequestration

The sheriff ensures jurors are protected from interference and escorted according to the judge's orders; any contact between a juror and an outside party must be reported.

Affidavit of service

A sworn document stating the date, time, place, and manner of service and identifying the person served, used to prove that a document was properly delivered.

Substituted service

Service of a document by an alternative method, such as posting or publication, permitted only when authorized by a court order because personal service is impractical.

Dynamic versus static security

Dynamic security relies on professional relationships and continuous observation of inmates; static security relies on physical barriers, locks, counts, and technology; effective institutions use both.

Contraband in corrections

Weapons, drugs, alcohol, unauthorized communication devices, and any item that threatens institutional security; possession by an inmate is a disciplinary and potentially criminal offence.

Suicide risk screening

A structured admission process asking about prior attempts, current ideation, and protective factors; an inmate identified as at risk is placed on enhanced observation and referred for assessment.

Segregation placement review

Placement in segregation requires documented reasons, regular review, and a record of conditions; prolonged segregation is subject to statutory limits and human rights scrutiny.

Institutional count

A scheduled and irregular accounting of all inmates; an inmate not accounted for triggers an immediate search, notification of supervisors, and lockdown until the person is located.

Correctional use-of-force report

A legal record documenting date, time, location, persons involved, warnings given, force applied, injuries, and post-incident medical attention; it is subject to disclosure.

Probation order

A court disposition under Criminal Code s. 731 placing an offender under supervision in the community for a specified period, subject to mandatory and optional conditions.

Mandatory probation conditions

Keeping the peace, being of good behaviour, appearing before the court when required, and notifying the court or probation officer of any change of name, address, or employment.

Risk-need-responsivity model

A correctional framework that matches service intensity to risk level, targets criminogenic needs, and delivers services in a way that fits the person's learning style and motivation.

Breach of probation

A separate offence under Criminal Code s. 733.1; the probation officer documents the breach, notifies the court, and may recommend a show-cause hearing.

Duty to warn

Where an offender presents a credible threat to an identifiable person, the probation officer must take reasonable steps to warn the potential victim and/or notify police.

Collateral contacts

Verification of an offender's compliance through family, employers, and treatment providers; information obtained must be recorded and shared in accordance with privacy legislation.

Objective case notes

Dated and factual records that distinguish observation from opinion; they may be disclosed in court and are subject to freedom-of-information and privacy legislation.

Best interests of the child

The paramount consideration in custody and access decisions, including the child's physical, emotional, and psychological well-being and the child's views, weighed by age and maturity.

Family violence definition

Under the Divorce Act, any conduct that is violent, threatening, coercive, or controlling; the court must consider its impact on the child and on each parent's ability to care.

Parenting time versus decision-making

Parenting time is the schedule of care; decision-making responsibility is authority over major decisions; the terms replaced custody and access in the 2019 Divorce Act amendments.

Child support guidelines

Presumptive support amounts based on the payor's income and number of children; special or extraordinary expenses are shared in proportion to income.

Shared parenting set-off

Where a child spends at least 40 percent of the time with each parent, child support is calculated by setting off each parent's guideline amount against the other's.

Voice of the child report

A report prepared by a trained professional conveying the child's views to the court without placing the child in the middle of the dispute; it is not determinative.

Family mediation privilege

Communications in family mediation are generally privileged and inadmissible, but child protection concerns and threats of harm are exceptions that must be reported.