BCaBA flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Three-term contingency
- The relation among an antecedent discriminative stimulus, a response, and a consequent stimulus change; the response-consequence relation is the core of operant conditioning.
- Positive reinforcement
- Delivery of a stimulus contingent on a response that increases the future frequency of that response.
- Negative reinforcement
- Removal or postponement of a stimulus contingent on a response that increases the future frequency of that response.
- Extinction
- Withholding the reinforcer that maintains a response, producing a decrease in the response; an extinction burst may occur first.
- Variable ratio schedule
- Reinforcement follows a variable number of responses; produces high, steady rates and resistance to extinction.
- Fixed interval schedule
- Reinforcement follows the first response after a fixed time interval; produces a scalloped pattern with a post-reinforcement pause.
- Discriminative stimulus
- A stimulus in the presence of which a response has been reinforced; it signals the availability of reinforcement and evokes the response.
- Motivating operation
- An environmental variable that alters the value of a consequence and the momentary frequency of behavior that produces that consequence.
- Shaping
- Reinforcing successive approximations to a terminal response until the terminal response occurs.
- Chaining
- Teaching a complex behavior by reinforcing each link of a task analysis in sequence; forward, backward, and total task methods exist.
- Functional analysis
- Systematic manipulation of antecedents and consequences to identify the variable maintaining problem behavior; the most rigorous FBA method.
- Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior
- Reinforcing a specified alternative response while withholding reinforcement for the target behavior; a DRA procedure.
- Differential reinforcement of other behavior
- Reinforcing the absence of the target behavior during a specified interval; does not teach an alternative skill.
- Token economy
- A system in which tokens are delivered contingent on behavior and exchanged for backup reinforcers.
- Response cost
- Removal of a specified amount of a reinforcer contingent on a response, producing a decrease in that response.
- Time-out
- Brief removal from a reinforcing environment contingent on behavior; requires a reinforcing environment before removal.
- Prompt hierarchy
- A graded sequence of prompts from most to least intrusive (full physical, partial physical, model, gesture, verbal) used to teach responses.
- Behavioral momentum
- Presenting several high-probability requests followed by a low-probability request to increase compliance with the latter.
- Functional communication training
- Teaching a socially acceptable response that produces the same reinforcer maintaining problem behavior; a DRA procedure.
- Treatment integrity
- The degree to which an intervention is implemented as designed; low integrity invalidates conclusions about effectiveness.
- Social validity
- The acceptability of goals, appropriateness of procedures, and meaningfulness of outcomes to consumers and stakeholders.
- Interobserver agreement
- The degree to which two observers record the same behavior; calculated as agreements divided by total observations times 100.
- Partial-interval recording
- Recording whether behavior occurred at any point during an interval; tends to overestimate duration.
- Momentary time sampling
- Recording whether behavior is occurring at the moment the interval ends; less biased than partial- or whole-interval recording.
- Reversal design
- An ABAB design in which the intervention is introduced, withdrawn, and reintroduced to demonstrate experimental control.
- Multiple baseline design
- Staggering intervention across behaviors, settings, or participants; a change only when intervention is applied to each tier demonstrates control.
- Alternating treatments design
- Rapidly alternating two or more interventions to compare their effects while controlling for sequence effects.
- Changing criterion design
- Gradually shifting a performance criterion; behavior change following each criterion change documents a functional relation.
- Stimulus equivalence
- Derived relations of reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity among stimuli that emerge without direct training.
- Preference assessment
- A procedure to identify potential reinforcers; methods include free operant, single stimulus, paired stimulus, and multiple stimulus.
- Informed consent
- Agreement to services after being informed of purpose, procedures, risks, benefits, alternatives, and the right to withdraw.
- Behavioral skills training
- A staff training package of instruction, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback used to teach procedure implementation.