BCGP study plan

Explain how normal aging changes organ function, body composition, and homeostatic reserve, and predict the downstream effect on drug handling

Differentiate pharmacokinetic changes (absorption, distribution, hepatic metabolism, renal clearance) from pharmacodynamic changes (receptor sensitivity, orthostasis, sedation) in older adults

Apply age-related renal function estimation to adjust renally cleared medications in case vignettes

Identify geriatric syndromes (falls, delirium, incontinence, frailty) and link each to a contributing medication class

Compare guideline-directed therapy for hypertension, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation in adults 75 and older, noting where age modifies the recommendation

Justify anticoagulant selection and dosing in older adults with atrial fibrillation using stroke and bleeding risk estimates

Detect and correct drug-related causes of orthostatic hypotension and bradycardia in a medication list

Counsel on deprescribing antihypertensives when orthostasis, falls, or frailty outweigh benefit

Distinguish delirium from dementia and depression using onset, course, and attention features, and name the first-line pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic steps

Select and titrate antidepressants and cognitive enhancers in older adults while accounting for anticholinergic burden and drug interactions

Evaluate antipsychotic use in behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia against regulatory and mortality considerations

Design a taper schedule for a benzodiazepine or z-drug in an older adult with insomnia

Apply explicit prescribing criteria to flag potentially inappropriate medications in a 12-drug regimen and rank them by risk

Construct a stepwise deprescribing plan for at least three drug classes, specifying taper rate, withdrawal symptoms, and monitoring

Quantify anticholinergic and sedative burden using a scoring approach and interpret the score in context

Explain how prescribing cascades develop and identify two in a sample medication history

Individualize glycemic targets and drug selection in older adults with diabetes according to comorbidity, hypoglycemia risk, and functional status

Interpret thyroid function tests in the context of age-related changes and identify when treatment is warranted

Build a multimodal pain regimen for an older adult with osteoarthritis and renal impairment, avoiding unsafe NSAID use

Assess osteoporosis treatment candidates and select therapy while accounting for adherence, cost, and polypharmacy

Adjust drug dosing for chronic kidney disease and estimate renal function appropriately for drug selection

Manage constipation, urinary incontinence, and benign prostatic hyperplasia with attention to drug-induced contributors

Select empiric antibiotic therapy for common infections in older adults and modify for renal function, allergies, and drug interactions

Explain age-related changes in respiratory function and tailor inhaler and COPD or asthma therapy accordingly

Assemble a structured medication reconciliation at admission and discharge that captures discrepancies and resolution steps

Design a care transition plan naming who is responsible for each follow-up action and by when

Apply core ethical principles to capacity, informed consent, and goals-of-care discussions in older adults

Summarize regulatory and professional obligations relevant to geriatric pharmacy practice, including documentation and reporting duties

Synthesize cardiovascular, CNS, and deprescribing knowledge in timed mixed-topic case sets to build pacing and decision speed

Diagnose and correct your three weakest content areas identified from earlier deliverables

Rehearse explaining deprescribing rationale to a patient and prescriber in a short spoken or written script

Review every prior deliverable and consolidate corrections into a single high-yield summary sheet