BCS Written Political Science flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Charyapada

The earliest known collection of Bengali literary works, comprising 47 Buddhist mystical songs composed between the 8th and 12th centuries; a foundational text of Bangla literature.

Sadhu and Cholito Bhasha

Two historical registers of Bangla prose: sadhu bhasha is formal and archaic, while cholito bhasha is colloquial and modern; cholito became the standard in the 20th century.

Language Movement 1952

A political movement in East Pakistan demanding Bangla as a state language; on 21 February 1952 students were killed, an event commemorated as International Mother Language Day.

Lyrical Ballads

A 1798 collection by Wordsworth and Coleridge that marked the beginning of the English Romantic movement, emphasizing nature, emotion, and ordinary language.

Stream of Consciousness

A modernist narrative technique that presents the continuous flow of a character's thoughts and feelings, used by James Joyce and Virginia Woolf.

Shakespearean Sonnet

A 14-line poem in iambic pentameter with the rhyme scheme ABAB CDCD EFEF GG, ending with a concluding couplet.

Operation Searchlight

A military crackdown launched by the Pakistan Army on 25 March 1971 in East Pakistan, which triggered the Bangladesh Liberation War.

Six-Point Movement

A 1966 political program led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman demanding greater autonomy for East Pakistan, including separate fiscal and foreign exchange policies.

Mukti Bahini

The Bengali guerrilla resistance force during the 1971 Liberation War, organized into 11 sectors and supported by India.

Paris Agreement

A 2015 international treaty under the UNFCCC aiming to limit global warming to well below 2°C, preferably 1.5°C, above pre-industrial levels.

Sundarbans

The world's largest mangrove forest, located in the Ganges delta across Bangladesh and India; a UNESCO World Heritage site and habitat of the Bengal tiger.

UN Security Council

The UN organ responsible for international peace and security, with five permanent members holding veto power and ten elected non-permanent members.

Sovereignty

The supreme and absolute authority of a state over its territory and population, free from external control; a core concept in political science.

POSDCORB

A classic public administration acronym by Gulick and Urwick standing for Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Coordinating, Reporting, and Budgeting.

Weber's Authority Types

Max Weber's classification of legitimate authority into traditional, charismatic, and legal-rational forms, based on different grounds of obedience.

Article 7

The article of the Bangladesh Constitution declaring the Constitution supreme and voiding any law inconsistent with it.

Judicial Review

The power of courts to examine laws and executive actions for consistency with the constitution, exercised in Bangladesh under Articles 102 and 44.

Audi Alteram Partem

A principle of natural justice meaning 'hear the other side'; no person should be judged without a fair hearing.

HDI

The Human Development Index, a composite measure of life expectancy, education, and GNI per capita used to rank countries by human development.

Gini Coefficient

A measure of income or wealth inequality ranging from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (perfect inequality), derived from the Lorenz curve.

Phillips Curve

An economic model showing an inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment in the short run, implying a policy trade-off.

Comparative Advantage

David Ricardo's principle that countries gain from trade by specializing in goods for which they have a lower opportunity cost.

Newton's Second Law

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass: F = ma.

Quadratic Formula

The formula x = [−b ± √(b² − 4ac)] / 2a used to find the roots of the quadratic equation ax² + bx + c = 0.

DNA Base Pairing

The complementary pairing of adenine with thymine and guanine with cytosine in the DNA double helix, held together by hydrogen bonds.

Categorical Imperative

Kant's ethical principle requiring that one act only on maxims that could be willed as universal laws.

Utilitarianism

An ethical theory holding that the right action is the one that maximizes overall happiness or utility, associated with Bentham and Mill.

Good Governance

A set of principles including accountability, transparency, rule of law, participation, responsiveness, and effectiveness in public administration.

Thesis Statement

A sentence that states the central argument of an essay, typically appearing at the end of the introduction and guiding the body paragraphs.

Toulmin Model

An argumentation framework comprising claim, grounds, warrant, backing, qualifier, and rebuttal, used to analyze the structure of arguments.

Ad Hominem Fallacy

A logical fallacy that attacks the person making an argument rather than the argument itself, thereby failing to address the issue.

Fundamental Rights

Basic rights guaranteed by Part III of the Bangladesh Constitution (Articles 27–44), enforceable through writ petitions in the High Court Division.