Essay and Analytical Writing: Structure, Argument, and Evidence
What the examiner expects
A BCS essay is judged on structure, argument, evidence, and language. A strong essay has an introduction that states a clear thesis, body paragraphs each carrying one idea with evidence, and a conclusion that resolves the thesis. Analytical writing demands balanced treatment: present the counter-argument, then rebut it. For Bangladesh-specific topics - governance, development, climate, education - cite concrete examples such as RMG exports, remittances, or the Sundarbans.
Traps to watch
The commonest failure is description without argument - narrating facts but never taking a position. The second is one-sidedness: ignoring the opposing view weakens credibility. The third is unsupported generalisation ('corruption is everywhere') without evidence. Also avoid padding: length without substance loses marks. Watch for irrelevant quotations and mixed tenses.
Rule of thumb
Use the PEEL structure for each body paragraph: Point, Evidence, Explanation, Link. Before writing, spend two minutes drafting an outline with thesis and three supporting points.
Worked example
Topic: 'Good governance is the key to development.' Outline: thesis (governance enables development), point 1 (transparency attracts investment), point 2 (accountability improves service delivery), counter (development can precede governance), rebuttal (sustainable development requires institutions). Conclusion: governance is necessary, though not sufficient.