Governance, Constitution, and Administrative Law
What the examiner expects
Know the Constitution of Bangladesh (1972) thoroughly: its four founding principles (nationalism, socialism, democracy, secularism), fundamental rights (Articles 26–47A), the structure of the Supreme Court (Appellate and High Court Divisions), and the amendment process. Understand governance: transparency, accountability, participation, rule of law, and the role of institutions such as the Parliament, the Comptroller and Auditor General, the Election Commission, and the Ombudsman. In administrative law, know natural justice (audi alteram partem and nemo judex in causa sua), judicial review, delegated legislation, and writ jurisdiction (Articles 44 and 102).
Traps to watch
Articles are the main trap: Article 27 (equality), Article 28 (non-discrimination), Article 31 (protection of law), Article 32 (life and liberty), Article 39 (freedom of speech), and Article 102 (writ). Do not confuse the High Court Division's writ power with the Appellate Division's appellate role. Another trap is mixing fundamental rights with fundamental principles of state policy - the latter are non-justiciable directives.
Rule of thumb
For any constitutional question, recall part of the Constitution → article number → content. For administrative law, ask whether the issue is procedural (natural justice) or substantive (jurisdiction) before choosing.
Worked example
Stem: 'Which article guarantees equality before law?' Reasoning: Part III, equality cluster - Article 27. Article 28 covers non-discrimination. Answer: Article 27.