BPSC Non-Cadre Exam flashcards
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- Article 356
- It allows the President to impose President's Rule in a state when constitutional machinery fails, on the Governor's report; parliamentary approval is required within two months.
- Money Bill
- A bill dealing only with taxation, borrowing, or the Consolidated Fund; it can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha with the President's recommendation and needs no Rajya Sabha approval.
- Battle of Plassey
- Fought in 1757, Robert Clive defeated Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah of Bengal, establishing British political power in India after the betrayal by Mir Jafar.
- Monsoon retreat
- Withdrawal of the southwest monsoon begins in northwest India in September and proceeds southward, bringing clear skies and the October heat before the northeast monsoon.
- Repo rate
- The rate at which the Reserve Bank of India lends short-term funds to commercial banks against government securities; raising it reduces liquidity and controls inflation.
- Photosynthesis equation
- Carbon dioxide and water, using light energy trapped by chlorophyll, produce glucose and oxygen; the process occurs mainly in the chloroplasts of leaf cells.
- Champaran Satyagraha
- Gandhi's 1917 campaign in Bihar against the tinkathia system imposed on indigo cultivators by European planters; it was his first satyagraha in India.
- Nalanda Mahavihara
- An ancient Buddhist monastic university in Bihar patronised by the Guptas and Harsha; Chinese pilgrims Xuanzang and Yijing studied there, and it was destroyed around the 12th century.
- Kosi River
- A tributary of the Ganga rising in Nepal and flowing through north Bihar; its shifting course and floods earned it the name 'sorrow of Bihar'.
- Bihar Legislative Council
- The upper house of Bihar's bicameral legislature, with 75 members; one-third are elected by Assembly members and the rest by graduates, teachers, local bodies, and nomination.
- Madhubani painting
- A folk art of the Mithila region of Bihar using natural dyes, geometric patterns, and motifs of nature, deities, and weddings, traditionally painted on mud walls.
- Makhana
- Fox nut (Euryale ferox) grown in ponds of the Mithila region of Bihar; the state is a leading producer, and it is used in roasted snacks and religious offerings.
- Compound interest formula
- Amount A = P(1 + R/100)^n for annual compounding, where P is principal, R the annual rate, and n the number of years; interest equals A minus P.
- Average speed
- Total distance divided by total time; for equal distances covered at speeds x and y, the average speed is 2xy/(x + y), not the simple mean.
- Alligation rule
- Used in mixtures: the ratio of quantities of two ingredients equals the difference between the mean value and each ingredient's value, taken crosswise.
- Work and time
- If a person finishes work in d days, one day's work is 1/d; combined rates add, and time together equals the reciprocal of the sum of individual rates.
- Volume of sphere
- The volume of a sphere of radius r is (4/3) pi r cubed, while its surface area is 4 pi r squared; these formulas are common in mensuration questions.
- Successive percentage change
- Two successive changes of a percent and b percent give a net change of a + b + ab/100 percent; a discount followed by a tax uses the same formula.
- Odd days method
- To find a day of the week, divide the total days by seven; the remainder counts as odd days, with ordinary years giving one and leap years two.
- Syllogism rule
- In categorical reasoning, a conclusion is valid only if it holds in every possible Venn diagram of the premises; 'some A are B' does not imply 'all A are B'.
- Blood relation tree
- A diagram method that places generations in rows and links parents, children, and siblings; gender symbols help answer relationship questions accurately.
- Clock hand coincidence
- The minute and hour hands coincide 11 times in 12 hours, about every 65 5/11 minutes; they are opposite 11 times in 12 hours as well.
- Letter coding
- A reasoning pattern where letters are replaced by fixed shifts or reversed positions; the position A=1 to Z=26 helps decode the rule from given examples.
- Number series pattern
- A sequence solved by checking differences, then ratios, then squares, cubes, or alternating rules; verifying with two consecutive steps confirms the pattern.
- Subject-verb agreement
- A singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject a plural verb; words like each, every, and neither are grammatically singular.
- Present perfect tense
- Formed with has or have plus the past participle; it describes an action completed in the past but relevant to the present, often with since or for.
- Passive voice
- Formed by making the object the subject and using a form of be with the past participle; only transitive verbs, which take objects, can be made passive.
- Articles a and an
- Use 'a' before a consonant sound and 'an' before a vowel sound; the choice depends on pronunciation, so 'an hour' and 'a university' are correct.
- संधि
- दो वर्णों के मेल से होने वाले परिवर्तन को संधि कहते हैं; इसके मुख्य भेद स्वर संधि, व्यंजन संधि और विसर्ग संधि हैं।
- समास
- दो या अधिक शब्दों के मेल से बने संक्षिप्त पद को समास कहते हैं; इसके छह भेद हैं - अव्ययीभाव, तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय, द्विगु, द्वंद्व और बहुव्रीहि।
- अनुप्रास अलंकार
- जब एक ही वर्ण की आवृत्ति एक से अधिक बार होती है, तो अनुप्रास अलंकार होता है; यह शब्दों में ध्वनि-सौंदर्य उत्पन्न करता है।
- मुहावरा
- ऐसा वाक्यांश जो अपने शब्दों के शाब्दिक अर्थ को छोड़कर विशेष लाक्षणिक अर्थ देता है; जैसे 'नौ-दो ग्यारह होना' का अर्थ भाग जाना है।