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BPSC Non-Cadre Exam study materials
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BPSC Non-Cadre Exam practice questions

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Question 1General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which Article of the Indian Constitution provides for the establishment of a Finance Commission?

  1. Article 324
  2. Article 368
  3. Article 280 Correct answer.
  4. Article 356

Explanation

Article 280 empowers the President to constitute a Finance Commission every five years to recommend distribution of financial resources between the Union and the States. It defines the composition and functions of this constitutional body.

Question 2General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

The Battle of Buxar was fought in which year?

  1. 1764 Correct answer.
  2. 1772
  3. 1757
  4. 1761

Explanation

The Battle of Buxar took place in 1764 between the British East India Company under Hector Munro and the combined forces of Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daula and Shah Alam II. The victory consolidated British political power in Bengal.

Question 3General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which river is known as the 'Sorrow of Bihar'?

  1. Bagmati
  2. Gandak
  3. Kosi Correct answer.
  4. Son

Explanation

The Kosi river frequently changes course and causes devastating floods in northern Bihar, earning it the title 'Sorrow of Bihar'. Its heavy silt load from the Himalayas leads to shifting channels.

Question 4General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the layers of the Earth's atmosphere from the surface upward?

  1. Troposphere, Mesosphere, Stratosphere, Thermosphere
  2. Mesosphere, Troposphere, Stratosphere, Thermosphere
  3. Stratosphere, Troposphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere
  4. Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere Correct answer.

Explanation

The atmosphere is layered by temperature behaviour: the troposphere where weather occurs, then the stratosphere containing the ozone layer, then the mesosphere, and finally the thermosphere. Each boundary is defined by a reversal in the temperature gradient.

Question 5General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

The Reserve Bank of India was nationalised in which year?

  1. 1947
  2. 1935
  3. 1949 Correct answer.
  4. 1969

Explanation

Although the RBI was established in 1935, it was nationalised on 1 January 1949, transferring ownership from private shareholders to the Government of India. This gave the state full control over monetary policy.

Question 6General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Who was the first woman to become the Chief Minister of an Indian State?

  1. Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
  2. Indira Gandhi
  3. Sarojini Naidu
  4. Sucheta Kripalani Correct answer.

Explanation

Sucheta Kripalani became Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh in 1963, making her the first woman to head a state government in India. Sarojini Naidu and Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit held governorships and diplomatic posts but not a chief ministership.

Question 7General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which vitamin deficiency causes scurvy?

  1. Vitamin B12
  2. Vitamin C Correct answer.
  3. Vitamin D
  4. Vitamin A

Explanation

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is required for collagen synthesis, and its deficiency leads to scurvy with bleeding gums and poor wound healing. Citrus fruits are a major dietary source.

Question 8General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

The Preamble to the Indian Constitution was amended by which constitutional amendment?

  1. 42nd Amendment Correct answer.
  2. 44th Amendment
  3. 52nd Amendment
  4. 24th Amendment

Explanation

The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 inserted the words 'Socialist', 'Secular' and 'Integrity' into the Preamble. It is often called the 'Mini Constitution' for its wide-ranging changes.

Question 9General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which of the following is a Directive Principle of State Policy that was added by the 42nd Amendment?

  1. Organisation of village panchayats
  2. Equal pay for equal work for men and women Correct answer.
  3. Free and compulsory education for children below fourteen years
  4. Promotion of international peace and security

Explanation

The 42nd Amendment added Article 39(d) requiring the State to secure equal pay for equal work for men and women, along with certain other principles. It expanded the Directive Principles to strengthen social and economic justice.

Question 10General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Consider the powers of the Rajya Sabha. Which statement about its role in Money Bills is accurate?

  1. It can amend or reject a Money Bill.
  2. It exercises equal powers with the Lok Sabha over Money Bills.
  3. It can convene a joint sitting to resolve disagreements over Money Bills.
  4. It must return a Money Bill within fourteen days with recommendations, which the Lok Sabha may accept or reject. Correct answer.

Explanation

Under Article 109, a Money Bill can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha, and the Rajya Sabha must return it within fourteen days with recommendations that the Lok Sabha is free to accept or reject. The Rajya Sabha cannot amend or reject a Money Bill.

Question 11General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

The Tropic of Cancer passes through which of the following states of India?

  1. Kerala
  2. Odisha
  3. Punjab
  4. Chhattisgarh Correct answer.

Explanation

The Tropic of Cancer at approximately 23.5 degrees north passes through Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram. Chhattisgarh lies on this line, while Kerala and Punjab do not.

Question 12General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which of the following is a Kharif crop in India?

  1. Gram
  2. Wheat
  3. Rice Correct answer.
  4. Mustard

Explanation

Kharif crops are sown with the onset of the monsoon and harvested in autumn; rice, maize, jowar and cotton are examples. Wheat, mustard and gram are Rabi crops sown in winter.

Question 13General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 introduced which principle in Indian provincial administration?

  1. Provincial autonomy
  2. Separate electorates for all communities
  3. Dyarchy Correct answer.
  4. Federalism

Explanation

The Government of India Act 1919 introduced dyarchy in the provinces, dividing subjects into 'transferred' and 'reserved' categories administered by Indian ministers and the Governor respectively. Provincial autonomy came later with the 1935 Act.

Question 14General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which of the following is a fundamental duty under Article 51A of the Indian Constitution?

  1. To pay taxes honestly
  2. To vote in elections
  3. To protect and improve the natural environment Correct answer.
  4. To receive free legal aid

Explanation

Article 51A(g) makes it a fundamental duty of every citizen to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife. Fundamental duties are moral obligations, not enforceable rights.

Question 15General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which of the following statements about the Election Commission of India is correct?

  1. It is a constitutional body established under Article 324. Correct answer.
  2. It conducts elections only for the Lok Sabha.
  3. It functions under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
  4. It is a statutory body created by an Act of Parliament.

Explanation

Article 324 establishes the Election Commission as a constitutional authority responsible for superintendence, direction and control of elections to Parliament, state legislatures, and the offices of President and Vice-President. It functions independently of any ministry.

Question 16General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

The demand for 'Purna Swaraj' was formally adopted at which session of the Indian National Congress?

  1. Lahore Session, 1929 Correct answer.
  2. Karachi Session, 1931
  3. Lucknow Session, 1916
  4. Nagpur Session, 1920

Explanation

At the Lahore session in December 1929, presided over by Jawaharlal Nehru, the Congress adopted complete independence as its goal and authorised the celebration of Independence Day on 26 January 1930. The resolution marked a decisive shift from dominion status.

Question 17General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which of the following is a greenhouse gas that is not directly produced by burning fossil fuels?

  1. Carbon dioxide
  2. Nitrous oxide
  3. Methane
  4. Sulphur hexafluoride Correct answer.

Explanation

Sulphur hexafluoride is an industrial fluorinated gas used in electrical switchgear and is not a direct combustion product of fossil fuels. Carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide are all emitted directly or indirectly through fuel combustion and agriculture.

Question 18General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

In the context of the Indian economy, which of the following best describes 'fiscal deficit'?

  1. The excess of the government's total expenditure over its total receipts excluding borrowings Correct answer.
  2. The excess of imports over exports
  3. The excess of revenue expenditure over revenue receipts
  4. The excess of money supply over money demand

Explanation

Fiscal deficit measures the total borrowing requirement of the government, computed as total expenditure minus total receipts other than borrowings. It indicates the extent to which the government relies on debt to finance spending.

Question 19General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which of the following is the correct order of the stages of the human digestive process?

  1. Ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, egestion Correct answer.
  2. Absorption, ingestion, digestion, assimilation, egestion
  3. Digestion, ingestion, absorption, egestion, assimilation
  4. Ingestion, absorption, digestion, egestion, assimilation

Explanation

Food is first ingested, then broken down mechanically and chemically during digestion, nutrients are absorbed through the intestinal wall, assimilated into cells, and unabsorbed residue is egested. The sequence reflects the functional flow of the alimentary canal.

Question 20General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which of the following statements about the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution is correct?

  1. It deals with the administration of tribal areas in Assam.
  2. It enumerates the powers of the Union and States.
  3. It lists the languages recognised by the Constitution. Correct answer.
  4. It contains the anti-defection provisions.

Explanation

The Eighth Schedule lists the languages recognised by the Constitution, starting with fourteen and now extended to twenty-two. Inclusion in the schedule enables the use of a language for official and examination purposes.

Question 21General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

The World Trade Organization came into existence as a successor to which arrangement?

  1. International Monetary Fund
  2. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
  3. World Bank
  4. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Correct answer.

Explanation

The WTO was established in 1995 following the Uruguay Round, replacing the GATT secretariat that had governed multilateral trade rules since 1948. It widened the scope of trade rules to services and intellectual property.

Question 22General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Consider the powers of the President of India regarding a Bill passed by Parliament. Which of the following is correct?

  1. The President must give assent to every Bill.
  2. The President may return a non-Money Bill for reconsideration, but must assent if Parliament passes it again. Correct answer.
  3. The President may reject a constitutional amendment Bill outright.
  4. The President may return a Money Bill for reconsideration.

Explanation

Under Article 111, the President may return a non-Money Bill for reconsideration, but if Parliament passes it again with or without amendment, assent must be given. This suspensive veto does not apply to Money Bills or constitutional amendment Bills.

Question 23General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which of the following is the primary reason the Indian Constitution is described as 'quasi-federal'?

  1. The Rajya Sabha has equal representation for all states.
  2. The President is elected indirectly.
  3. The Union has overriding powers during emergencies and can alter state boundaries unilaterally. Correct answer.
  4. The States have no separate constitutions of their own.

Explanation

India's federalism is qualified by strong centralising features such as emergency provisions that convert the system into a unitary one, the Union's power to reorganise states, and the Governor's role as a central appointee. These features make it quasi-federal rather than strictly federal.

Question 24General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which of the following best explains why the Ryotwari system differed from the Zamindari system in colonial India?

  1. Revenue was settled directly with individual cultivators rather than with intermediary landlords. Correct answer.
  2. Revenue collection was entrusted to village headmen collectively.
  3. The system applied only to plantation crops.
  4. Land revenue was permanently fixed in perpetuity for all cultivators.

Explanation

Under the Ryotwari system, introduced in Madras and Bombay by Munro and Elphinstone, the colonial state settled revenue directly with the individual cultivator (ryot), bypassing intermediaries. The Zamindari system, by contrast, recognised landlords as revenue collectors.

Question 25General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

A country's nominal GDP rises by 10 percent while its GDP deflator rises by 6 percent. What is the approximate change in real GDP?

  1. About 10 percent
  2. About 4 percent Correct answer.
  3. About 16 percent
  4. About 6 percent

Explanation

Real GDP is obtained by deflating nominal GDP for price changes, so its growth approximates the difference between nominal growth and inflation: 10 percent minus 6 percent, giving about 4 percent. This adjustment removes the effect of price increases.

Question 26General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

The Battle of Plassey in 1757 was fought between the British East India Company and the forces of which Nawab of Bengal?

  1. Mir Qasim
  2. Alivardi Khan
  3. Murshid Quli Khan
  4. Siraj-ud-Daulah Correct answer.

Explanation

Robert Clive defeated Siraj-ud-Daulah at Plassey in 1757, largely through the defection of Mir Jafar. This victory gave the Company effective political control over Bengal and its revenues.

Question 27General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which soil type in India is most suitable for the cultivation of cotton?

  1. Alluvial soil
  2. Black soil Correct answer.
  3. Red soil
  4. Laterite soil

Explanation

Black soil, also called regur, is rich in clay and retains moisture well, which suits cotton's long growing season. Its high magnesium and calcium content and self-ploughing property make it the classic cotton soil of the Deccan.

Question 28General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which of the following is a primary sector activity in the Indian economy?

  1. Banking
  2. Retail trade
  3. Fisheries Correct answer.
  4. Software services

Explanation

The primary sector involves direct extraction or production from natural resources, including agriculture, mining, fishing and forestry. Fisheries therefore belongs to the primary sector, while banking and software are services.

Question 29General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of a eukaryotic cell?

  1. Mitochondrion Correct answer.
  2. Ribosome
  3. Lysosome
  4. Golgi apparatus

Explanation

Mitochondria generate most of the cell's ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, which is why they are called the powerhouse of the cell. They possess their own DNA and a double membrane.

Question 30General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which of the following rivers flows westward into the Arabian Sea?

  1. Godavari
  2. Narmada Correct answer.
  3. Kaveri
  4. Krishna

Explanation

The Narmada flows through a rift valley between the Vindhya and Satpura ranges and drains westward into the Arabian Sea. Most peninsular rivers east of the Western Ghats drain into the Bay of Bengal.

Question 31General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Who administers the oath of office to the President of India?

  1. The Vice-President
  2. The Chief Justice of India Correct answer.
  3. The Speaker of the Lok Sabha
  4. The Prime Minister

Explanation

Article 60 requires the President to be sworn in by the Chief Justice of India, or in his absence the senior-most Supreme Court judge available. The oath covers preserving the Constitution and serving the people.

Question 32General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which vitamin is synthesised in human skin on exposure to sunlight?

  1. Vitamin C
  2. Vitamin D Correct answer.
  3. Vitamin A
  4. Vitamin B12

Explanation

Ultraviolet-B radiation converts 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin into a precursor of vitamin D3, which is then activated by the liver and kidneys. This is why limited sun exposure helps prevent rickets.

Question 33General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which writ is issued by a court to a public authority that has failed to perform a legal duty?

  1. Quo warranto
  2. Certiorari
  3. Mandamus Correct answer.
  4. Habeas corpus

Explanation

Mandamus literally means 'we command' and compels a public authority to perform a duty it has omitted. It cannot be issued against a private individual or against the President or Governors in their personal capacity.

Question 34General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

The Permanent Settlement of 1793 was introduced by Lord Cornwallis primarily in which province?

  1. Madras
  2. Bombay
  3. Bengal Correct answer.
  4. Punjab

Explanation

The Permanent Settlement fixed land revenue in perpetuity with zamindars, chiefly in Bengal and Bihar. It created a class of loyal landlords but also led to absentee landlordism and peasant distress.

Question 35General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which of the following is a warm ocean current?

  1. Gulf Stream Correct answer.
  2. Canary Current
  3. Peru Current
  4. Labrador Current

Explanation

The Gulf Stream carries warm equatorial water north-eastward along the North American coast towards Europe. Warm currents generally flow from lower to higher latitudes and raise the temperature of adjacent coasts.

Question 36General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which of the following is measured by the Wholesale Price Index in India?

  1. Changes in the general price level of goods traded in bulk Correct answer.
  2. Prices of services such as education and health
  3. The value of the rupee against the dollar
  4. Consumer prices in rural areas only

Explanation

The WPI tracks price changes of a basket of goods at the wholesale stage, covering primary articles, fuel and manufactured products. It excludes services, which is a key reason India also uses the Consumer Price Index for inflation targeting.

Question 37General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

In which part of the human body is most of the water absorbed from digested food?

  1. Small intestine
  2. Large intestine Correct answer.
  3. Oesophagus
  4. Stomach

Explanation

The large intestine absorbs most of the water and electrolytes from undigested residue, converting it into faeces. The small intestine absorbs nutrients and some water, but bulk water reabsorption occurs in the colon.

Question 38General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which of the following statements about the office of the Governor of an Indian State is correct?

  1. The Governor is elected by the State legislature
  2. The Governor holds office for a fixed term of five years and cannot be removed earlier
  3. The Governor must be a resident of the State to which he is appointed
  4. The Governor is appointed by the President and holds office during the pleasure of the President Correct answer.

Explanation

Article 155 provides that the Governor is appointed by the President, and Article 156 says he holds office during the President's pleasure, normally for five years. There is no requirement that the Governor belong to the State he governs.

Question 39General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the Indian monsoon?

  1. It is uniform across all regions and seasons
  2. It is marked by sudden onset and withdrawal with spatial variation Correct answer.
  3. It occurs only during the winter months
  4. It is driven entirely by ocean tides

Explanation

The monsoon arrives abruptly, usually over Kerala in early June, and withdraws gradually from north-west India by October. Rainfall is unevenly distributed, with heavy windward slopes and rain-shadow areas.

Question 40General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which of the following best defines 'repo rate' in Indian monetary policy?

  1. The rate at which banks lend to their most creditworthy customers
  2. The rate at which the RBI lends short-term funds to commercial banks against securities Correct answer.
  3. The rate at which banks park surplus funds with the RBI
  4. The rate of interest paid on small savings schemes

Explanation

The repo rate is the policy rate at which the RBI provides short-term liquidity to banks against government securities. Raising it makes borrowing costlier and helps control inflation.

Question 41General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which law of motion explains why a passenger is pushed forward when a bus suddenly stops?

  1. First law of motion Correct answer.
  2. Law of gravitation
  3. Second law of motion
  4. Third law of motion

Explanation

The first law, or law of inertia, states that a body continues in its state of motion unless acted upon by a force. When the bus stops, the passenger's body tends to keep moving forward because of inertia.

Question 42General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which of the following was a major recommendation of the Simon Commission, appointed in 1927?

  1. Creation of a Constituent Assembly elected by universal adult franchise
  2. Introduction of separate electorates for all communities
  3. Immediate transfer of full independence to India
  4. Abolition of dyarchy in the provinces and extension of provincial autonomy Correct answer.

Explanation

The Simon Commission recommended abolishing dyarchy in the provinces and granting provincial autonomy with greater ministerial responsibility. Its all-British composition, however, provoked widespread Indian protest.

Question 43General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the stages of the water cycle?

  1. Condensation, evaporation, precipitation, runoff
  2. Runoff, condensation, evaporation, precipitation
  3. Precipitation, evaporation, runoff, condensation
  4. Evaporation, condensation, precipitation, runoff Correct answer.

Explanation

Water first evaporates from surfaces, then condenses into clouds, falls as precipitation, and finally returns via runoff or infiltration. This order reflects the continuous movement of water through the environment.

Question 44General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which of the following is the principal function of haemoglobin in blood?

  1. Production of antibodies against pathogens
  2. Transport of oxygen from lungs to tissues Correct answer.
  3. Digestion of fats in the small intestine
  4. Clotting of blood at wound sites

Explanation

Haemoglobin in red blood cells binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it in tissues where oxygen tension is low. Its iron-containing haem group gives blood its red colour.

Question 45General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

A country's nominal GDP grows by 12 percent while its population grows by 2 percent and prices rise by 5 percent. What is the approximate growth of real per capita income?

  1. About 10 percent
  2. About 12 percent
  3. About 7 percent
  4. About 5 percent Correct answer.

Explanation

Real growth is roughly nominal growth minus inflation, giving about 7 percent; subtracting population growth of 2 percent leaves about 5 percent per capita. This uses the approximation that percentage growth rates can be combined by addition for small values.

Question 46General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which of the following best explains why the Rajya Sabha cannot be dissolved?

  1. It is a permanent chamber with one-third of members retiring every two years Correct answer.
  2. Its members are elected indirectly by State legislatures
  3. Its presiding officer is the Vice-President of India
  4. It has fewer powers than the Lok Sabha in financial matters

Explanation

The Rajya Sabha is a continuing chamber because one-third of its members retire every second year, so the House never ceases to exist as a whole. This continuity is intended to give it stability as a revising chamber.

Question 47General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which of the following pairs of Harappan sites and their characteristic features is correctly matched?

  1. Lothal - dockyard Correct answer.
  2. Mohenjo-daro - fire altars
  3. Kalibangan - great bath
  4. Dholavira - horse remains

Explanation

Lothal in Gujarat has a large trapezoidal basin identified as a dockyard, indicating maritime trade with the Persian Gulf. The other pairings misplace features that belong to different sites.

Question 48General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which of the following best describes the operation of the 'Green Revolution' in Indian agriculture?

  1. Replacement of food crops by commercial plantation crops
  2. Adoption of high-yielding seed varieties with fertiliser and assured irrigation Correct answer.
  3. Reduction of chemical fertiliser use in favour of organic farming
  4. Expansion of irrigation to all districts of the country

Explanation

The Green Revolution combined high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice with chemical fertilisers, pesticides and assured irrigation. Its benefits were concentrated in Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh, which later raised regional imbalance concerns.

Question 49General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Which of the following statements about the Financial Action Task Force is accurate?

  1. It is a forum of central banks that fixes global interest rates
  2. It is a World Bank programme that grants loans for infrastructure
  3. It is an intergovernmental body that sets standards to combat money laundering and terror financing Correct answer.
  4. It is a United Nations agency that settles trade disputes

Explanation

The FATF is an intergovernmental policy-making body that develops standards to prevent money laundering, terrorist financing and proliferation financing. Countries are assessed against these standards and may be placed on a grey or black list.

Question 50General Studies (Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economy, General Science)

Under the Indian Constitution, which body has the authority to recommend the imposition of President's Rule in a State under Article 356?

  1. The Supreme Court of India
  2. The Election Commission of India
  3. The Governor of the State concerned Correct answer.
  4. The Comptroller and Auditor General

Explanation

Article 356 permits the President to assume the functions of a State government if the constitutional machinery has broken down. In practice the Governor, as the President's representative in the State, submits a report recommending such action, after which the Union Cabinet advises the President. The Supreme Court can review the validity afterwards but cannot itself recommend the proclamation.