Skin and Hair Care Fundamentals
Skin Structure and Function
Candidates must understand the three layers of the skin, the role of the epidermis as a barrier, the dermis as the layer holding collagen, elastin and blood vessels, and the subcutaneous layer as insulation and cushioning. Learn the functions of the skin: protection, temperature regulation, sensation, excretion and vitamin synthesis. Know the difference between sebaceous and sweat glands, and how sebum production relates to oily and dry skin types.
Skin Types and Conditions
Distinguish skin types (normal, dry, oily, combination, sensitive) from skin conditions (dehydration, acne, pigmentation, couperose, ageing). This distinction is a frequent trap: a question may describe a temporary condition and expect you to say it is not a skin type. Learn the signs of each and the general product direction for each.
Hair Fundamentals
For hair, know the follicle, shaft and the three layers of the shaft, the growth cycle phases, and the meaning of porosity and elasticity. Understand why chemical services require an assessment of hair condition and a strand test.
Worked Example
A client reports tightness, flaking and shine loss after cleansing. Reasoning: these suggest dehydration rather than a dry skin type, so the answer should recommend hydration and a gentler cleanser rather than heavier oils alone. Rule of thumb: treat what you observe and what the client reports, and reassess at each visit.