BD Marine Cadet Admission flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Subject-verb agreement
- A verb must match its subject in number: a singular subject takes a singular verb, a plural subject takes a plural verb, ignoring intervening phrases.
- Active versus passive voice
- Active voice puts the doer first (the crew raised the anchor); passive puts the receiver first (the anchor was raised by the crew).
- Reported speech tense shift
- When reporting past speech, shift the verb one step back: present becomes past, past becomes past perfect, and 'will' becomes 'would'.
- Affect versus effect
- 'Affect' is usually a verb meaning to influence; 'effect' is usually a noun meaning a result. Confusing them is a common exam error.
- Quadratic formula
- For ax^2+bx+c=0, x equals negative b plus or minus the square root of b squared minus 4ac, all divided by 2a.
- Sine and cosine rules
- Sine rule: a/sin A equals b/sin B equals c/sin C. Cosine rule: a squared equals b squared plus c squared minus 2bc cos A.
- Sum of arithmetic progression
- The sum of n terms of an arithmetic progression is (n/2) times the sum of the first and last terms.
- Average speed
- Average speed equals total distance travelled divided by total time taken; it is not the simple mean of the individual speeds.
- Sphere volume and surface
- A sphere of radius r has volume (4/3)pi r cubed and surface area 4 pi r squared.
- Newton's second law
- The net force on a body equals its mass times its acceleration, F = ma, with force in newtons and mass in kilograms.
- Equations of motion
- For uniform acceleration: v = u + at, s = ut + half at squared, and v squared = u squared + 2as.
- Ohm's law
- Current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it at constant temperature: V = IR.
- Archimedes' principle
- The upward buoyant force on a body in a fluid equals the weight of the fluid it displaces.
- Pressure at depth
- Pressure in a fluid equals density times gravitational acceleration times depth (P = rho g h), increasing with depth.
- Kinetic energy formula
- Kinetic energy equals one half times mass times velocity squared, KE = half m v squared, measured in joules.
- Mole concept
- One mole of a substance contains 6.022 times 10 to the 23 particles; moles equal mass in grams divided by molar mass.
- Molar gas volume at STP
- At standard temperature and pressure, one mole of an ideal gas occupies about 22.4 litres.
- pH definition
- pH equals the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration; below 7 is acidic, 7 neutral, above 7 basic at 25 degrees Celsius.
- Oxidation and reduction
- Oxidation is loss of electrons and a rise in oxidation number; reduction is gain of electrons and a fall in oxidation number.
- Molarity
- Molarity is moles of solute per litre of solution; dilution obeys M1V1 = M2V2 because moles of solute stay constant.
- Balancing chemical equations
- Adjust coefficients so each element has equal atom counts on both sides; never change subscripts, which alter the substance itself.
- IMO role and location
- The International Maritime Organization is the United Nations agency for safe, secure, and clean shipping, headquartered in London.
- SOLAS convention
- SOLAS, the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, sets minimum safety standards for construction, equipment, and operation of ships.
- MARPOL convention
- MARPOL is the international convention preventing pollution from ships, covering oil, chemicals, sewage, garbage, and air emissions.
- Nautical mile and knot
- A nautical mile is about 1,852 metres, equal to one minute of latitude; one knot is one nautical mile per hour.
- Suez and Panama canals
- The Suez Canal links the Mediterranean and Red Seas; the Panama Canal links the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans across Central America.
- Body mass index
- BMI equals weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared; 18.5 to 24.9 is the normal adult range.
- Normal resting pulse
- A healthy adult resting heart rate is about 60 to 100 beats per minute, commonly measured at the wrist or neck.
- Blood pressure reading
- Blood pressure is written as systolic over diastolic; about 120/80 mmHg is normal, and 140/90 or higher suggests hypertension.
- Snellen visual acuity
- Visual acuity is tested with a Snellen chart at 6 metres; 6/6 means normal vision at that distance.
- Ishihara colour test
- Ishihara plates contain coloured dot patterns that screen for red-green colour blindness, which can bar watchkeeping duties at sea.
- Haemoglobin reference range
- Normal haemoglobin is roughly 13 to 17 g/dL in men and 12 to 15 g/dL in women; lower values indicate anaemia.