BD Police ASI Written key terms

Bangla grammar rule for joining two sounds or words, where the ending of the first unit and the beginning of the second merge, sometimes changing form, as in বিদ্যা + আলয় becoming বিদ্যালয়.

A Bangla compound-formation process in which two or more words combine into a single compact word, with one member carrying the main meaning and others losing their separate case endings, as in রাজপুত্র.

The grammatical role a noun or pronoun plays in relation to a verb in a Bangla sentence, such as doer, object, instrument, recipient, source, or location, marked by specific case endings.

A suffix attached to a Bangla noun, pronoun, or verb stem to show its grammatical relation, case, number, person, or tense, such as -কে marking an object or -রা marking plural.

In Bangla literary criticism, the aesthetic pleasure or emotional flavour a reader experiences from a work; classical theory names nine, including করুণ, হাস্য, বীর, and শৃঙ্গার.

A figure of speech or ornament of language in Bangla poetics that heightens expression through comparison, sound, or meaning, covering categories such as উপমা, রূপক, and অনুপ্রাস.

The classification of Bangla prose style into three modes: বর্ণনামূলক or ornate, সমাসবহুল or compound-heavy, and মধ্যপন্থী or balanced, based on sentence construction and word choice.

The oldest surviving collection of Bangla Buddhist mystic songs, composed roughly between the eighth and twelfth centuries, discovered in Nepal and regarded as the earliest monument of the language.

A class of medieval Bangla narrative poems praising deities such as মনসা and চণ্ডী, blending myth with everyday social life and representing a major genre of middle-period Bangla literature.

A medieval Bangla lyrical genre of devotional songs, chiefly about রাধা and কৃষ্ণ, composed by poets such as বিদ্যাপতি and চণ্ডীদাস and noted for emotional intensity and musical form.

A long narrative poem in Bangla literature with a heroic or elevated theme, developed plot, and multiple characters, such as মেঘনাদবধ কাব্য by মধুসূদন দত্ত.

A fourteen-line poem in a fixed rhyme scheme, introduced into Bangla literature by মধুসূদন দত্ত, who adapted the English form to Bangla metre and subject matter.

A group of words containing a subject and a finite verb that forms part of a sentence; it may stand alone as a main clause or depend on another as a subordinate clause.

A group of related words that functions as a single unit within a sentence but lacks a subject and finite verb together, such as a noun phrase or prepositional phrase.

A verb form ending in -ing that functions as a noun in a sentence, as in reading is useful, where the form names an activity rather than asserting an action.

A verb form used as an adjective or in forming compound tenses, such as the present participle writing or the past participle written, without acting as the sentence's finite verb.

The grammatical rule that a verb must match its subject in number and person, so a singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject takes a plural verb.

The grammatical category showing whether the subject performs the action, as in active voice, or receives it, as in passive voice, where the object becomes the subject.

The reporting of someone's speech in either direct form, quoting the exact words, or indirect form, restating them with shifted pronouns, tense, and time references.

A fixed expression whose meaning cannot be worked out from its individual words, such as a piece of cake meaning something easy; idioms must be learned as whole units.

A way of expressing a number as a fraction of one hundred, so that 25 percent means 25 parts out of every 100 and equals the decimal 0.25.

A comparison of two quantities of the same kind showing how many times one contains the other, usually written with a colon, as in 3:4.

The sum of a set of quantities divided by the number of quantities, giving a single value that represents the group's central tendency.

Interest calculated only on the original principal for the whole period, using the formula principal times rate times time divided by one hundred, with no compounding.

Interest calculated on the principal plus previously earned interest, so the amount grows faster than under simple interest because earnings themselves earn interest each period.

The highest common factor is the largest number dividing two or more given numbers exactly; the lowest common multiple is the smallest number each of them divides exactly.

The fundamental body of rules establishing a state's institutions, distributing powers, and limiting government authority; Bangladesh's current constitution took effect in 1972.

The supreme and independent authority of a state to govern itself within its territory without external control, a core principle asserted in Bangladesh's constitutional framework.

A formal change to a constitution or law made through a prescribed procedure; in Bangladesh a constitutional amendment requires a parliamentary majority specified by the constitution.

An international organisation founded in 1945 to maintain peace and security, promote human rights, and foster cooperation; Bangladesh joined it in 1974.

The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, established in 1985 with headquarters in Kathmandu, covering eight member states including Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan.

The system software that manages a computer's hardware, memory, files, and processes and provides services so application programs can run, such as Windows or Linux.

Random access memory, the volatile working memory of a computer where active programs and data are held temporarily; its contents are lost when power is switched off.

A bit is a single binary digit, either zero or one, the smallest unit of digital data; a byte is a group of eight bits, commonly representing one character.

A program that translates source code written in a high-level language into machine code before execution, reporting errors and producing an executable file.

Three principles stating that a body stays at rest or in uniform motion unless a net force acts, that force equals mass times acceleration, and that every action has an equal opposite reaction.

The rate at which velocity changes with time, measured in metres per second squared; it occurs when speed changes, direction changes, or both change together.

Work is done when a force moves an object through a distance, measured in joules; energy is the capacity to do that work and is conserved in closed systems.

The SI unit of amount of substance, equal to about 6.02 times ten to the power 23 particles, allowing chemists to count atoms and molecules by weighing.

A scale from 0 to 14 measuring the acidity or alkalinity of a solution; values below 7 indicate acid, 7 is neutral, and above 7 indicates a base.

Paired chemical processes in which oxidation is loss of electrons and reduction is gain of electrons, always occurring together so that one substance loses what another gains.

Imaginary angular lines locating points on Earth: latitude measures distance north or south of the equator, while longitude measures distance east or west of a prime meridian.

A seasonal reversal of prevailing winds that brings heavy rainfall, dominant in South Asia; Bangladesh's summer monsoon supplies most of its annual precipitation.

A large rigid section of Earth's outer shell that moves slowly over the mantle; their collisions and separations cause earthquakes, mountain building, and volcanic activity.

An intense low-pressure weather system with rotating winds around a centre, called a hurricane or typhoon in other regions; the Bay of Bengal frequently experiences destructive cyclones.

The warming of Earth's surface as gases such as carbon dioxide trap outgoing heat; it keeps the planet habitable but human emissions have intensified it, causing climate change.

The variety of living species, genetic differences within them, and the ecosystems they form; high biodiversity supports stability, and Bangladesh's Sundarbans is a notable example.