BD Police Constable Written key terms

দুই বা তার বেশি ধ্বনি পাশাপাশি এলে নির্দিষ্ট নিয়মে যুক্ত হয়ে নতুন রূপ তৈরি হওয়ার প্রক্রিয়া। যেমন বিদ্যা + আলয় = বিদ্যালয়। বাংলা, সংস্কৃত ও তৎসম শব্দে এটি বেশি দেখা যায়।

একাধিক পদ মিলে একটি সংক্ষিপ্ত পদ গঠনের প্রক্রিয়া, যেখানে সমস্যমান পদের অর্থ প্রাধান্য পায়। যেমন রাজার পুত্র = রাজপুত্র। এর ফলে বাক্যে পদসংখ্যা কমে যায়।

বাক্যে ক্রিয়ার সঙ্গে বিশেষ্যের যে সম্পর্ক বোঝায় তাকে কারক বলে। কর্তা, কর্ম, করণ, সম্প্রদান, অপাদান ও অধিকরণ-এই ছয় প্রকার কারক বাংলা ব্যাকরণে স্বীকৃত।

বাক্যে পদগুলোর পারস্পরিক সম্পর্ক প্রকাশের জন্য শব্দের শেষে যুক্ত হওয়া প্রত্যয়। যেমন 'রাজাকে', 'বাড়িতে'। বিভক্তি কারক নির্ণয়ে সহায়তা করে।

বাংলা সাহিত্যের অন্যতম প্রধান কবি ও লেখক, যিনি ১৯১৩ সালে গীতাঞ্জলি কাব্যগ্রন্থের জন্য নোবেল পুরস্কার পান। তাঁর রচনায় গীতাঞ্জলি, সোনার তরী ও শেষের কবিতা উল্লেখযোগ্য।

বাংলা সাহিত্যের বিদ্রোহী কবি, যিনি সাম্য ও মানবতার পক্ষে লেখনী পরিচালনা করেন। তাঁর বিখ্যাত কবিতা 'বিদ্রোহী'। বাংলাদেশের জাতীয় কবি হিসেবে তিনি স্বীকৃত।

রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের একটি কাব্যগ্রন্থ, যা ১৯১০ সালে প্রকাশিত হয়। এর ইংরেজি অনুবাদের মাধ্যমে তিনি ১৯১৩ সালে সাহিত্যে নোবেল পুরস্কার লাভ করেন।

বাংলা সাহিত্যে অমিত্রাক্ষর ছন্দের প্রবর্তক এবং বাংলা নাটকের পথিকৃৎ। তাঁর উল্লেখযোগ্য রচনা মেঘনাদবধ কাব্য ও কৃষ্ণকুমারী নাটক।

Words are grouped by grammatical function into categories such as noun, verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun, preposition, conjunction and interjection. Identifying the category of a word helps in constructing correct sentences in English.

The grammatical form of a verb that shows the time of an action or state, such as present, past or future. Each tense also indicates whether the action is simple, continuous, perfect or perfect continuous.

The rule that a verb must match its subject in number and person. A singular subject takes a singular verb, while a plural subject takes a plural verb, as in 'He writes' and 'They write'.

The form of a verb showing whether the subject performs or receives the action. In active voice the subject acts, as in 'Rahim wrote the letter'; in passive voice the subject is acted upon.

The process of reporting someone else's words either directly, keeping the exact wording, or indirectly, changing pronouns and tenses as needed. It is also called direct and indirect speech.

A fixed expression whose meaning cannot be understood from the literal meanings of its individual words, such as 'to break the ice' meaning to start a conversation. Idioms must be memorised as whole units.

A way of expressing a number as a fraction of one hundred, written with the percent sign. For example, 25 percent means 25 out of every 100, or one quarter of a whole quantity.

A comparison of two quantities of the same kind, showing how many times one contains the other. It is written as a colon form or as a fraction, such as 3:4 or three-fourths.

The sum of a set of values divided by the number of values in the set. It gives a single number representing the central tendency of the data, also called the arithmetic mean.

Interest calculated only on the original principal amount for the whole period, using the formula principal times rate times time divided by one hundred. It does not include interest on interest.

Interest calculated on the principal plus any interest already added, so the amount grows faster than with simple interest. It is computed period by period on the updated amount.

In a right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides. It is used to find an unknown side when two sides are known.

The measure of the surface covered by a two-dimensional shape, expressed in square units. Common formulas include length times width for a rectangle and half base times height for a triangle.

১৯৭১ সালে বাংলাদেশের স্বাধীনতার জন্য পাকিস্তানি বাহিনীর বিরুদ্ধে পরিচালিত সশস্ত্র সংগ্রাম। নয় মাস স্থায়ী এই যুদ্ধের ফলেই ১৯৭১ সালের ১৬ ডিসেম্বর বাংলাদেশ স্বাধীন রাষ্ট্র হিসেবে আত্মপ্রকাশ করে।

১৯৭১ সালের ১৭ এপ্রিল মেহেরপুরের বৈদ্যনাথতলায় গঠিত বাংলাদেশের প্রবাসী অস্থায়ী সরকার। বঙ্গবন্ধু শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান রাষ্ট্রপতি এবং তাজউদ্দীন আহমদ প্রধানমন্ত্রী হিসেবে দায়িত্ব নেন।

মুক্তিযুদ্ধ পরিচালনার সুবিধার্থে বাংলাদেশকে যে এগারোটি অঞ্চলে ভাগ করা হয়েছিল। প্রতিটি সেক্টরের নেতৃত্বে ছিলেন একজন সেক্টর কমান্ডার, যিনি যুদ্ধের পরিকল্পনা ও পরিচালনা করতেন।

The annual statement of the government's estimated revenue and expenditure, presented before parliament. It shows how public money will be raised and spent on development and public services during the coming financial year.

The central bank of Bangladesh, responsible for issuing currency, controlling monetary policy and supervising commercial banks. It was established in 1971 and its headquarters is in Dhaka.

The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, a regional organisation of South Asian countries founded in 1985 with its secretariat in Kathmandu. It promotes cooperation in trade, agriculture and social development among member states.

An international organisation founded in 1945 to maintain peace and security and to promote cooperation among nations. Its headquarters is in New York, and Bangladesh became a member in 1974.

The central processing unit, often called the brain of a computer, which fetches, decodes and executes instructions. It consists of the arithmetic logic unit and the control unit, and its speed is measured in gigahertz.

Random access memory is the volatile working memory of a computer where active programs and data are kept for quick access. Its contents are lost when the power is switched off.

System software that manages hardware, files and application programs and provides an interface between the user and the computer. Examples include Windows, Linux and Android.

A number system that uses only two digits, zero and one, to represent all values. Computers use it internally because electronic circuits have two stable states, on and off.

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. It is expressed as force equals mass times acceleration.

The rate at which the velocity of an object changes with time, measured in metres per second squared. It occurs whenever speed or direction changes, including slowing down.

The force acting perpendicularly on a unit area of a surface, measured in pascals. It increases when force increases or when the same force acts on a smaller area.

A scale from zero to fourteen that measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. Values below seven are acidic, seven is neutral, and values above seven are alkaline.

A substance that releases hydrogen ions in water, tastes sour and turns blue litmus red. Acids react with bases to form salt and water in a neutralisation reaction.

A substance that accepts hydrogen ions or releases hydroxide ions in water, feels slippery and turns red litmus blue. Bases neutralise acids to produce salt and water.

The process by which green plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to make glucose and release oxygen. Chlorophyll in leaves absorbs light energy, and the process is essential for life on Earth.

A climate pattern driven by seasonal reversal of winds, bringing a wet season and a dry season. Bangladesh experiences this type, with heavy summer rainfall and a largely dry winter.

A low-lying area of sediment deposited where a river splits into branches before entering a sea or lake. Bangladesh's southern region forms part of the world's largest delta, formed by the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers.

A violent rotating storm system with low central pressure and strong winds that forms over warm tropical oceans. In Bangladesh, cyclones from the Bay of Bengal often cause storm surges and heavy damage.

The wearing away of river banks and land by flowing water, which can suddenly displace families and destroy farmland. It is a recurring hazard in Bangladesh, especially along the Jamuna, Padma and Meghna rivers.

An overflow of water onto land that is normally dry, caused by heavy rainfall, river overflow or storm surges. Bangladesh faces floods almost every year because of its low elevation and large river network.

An abnormal rise of sea water driven ashore by strong cyclone winds, which can flood coastal areas deeply. It is often the deadliest effect of a cyclone in the coastal districts of Bangladesh.

The repeating stages of prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery and rehabilitation before, during and after a disaster. It guides planning so that communities can reduce losses and rebuild quickly.

A set of tools and procedures that detect an approaching hazard and alert people in time to act. In Bangladesh, cyclone warning signals and volunteer announcements help coastal communities reach shelters before landfall.