Civil Procedure and Enforcement Procedure
Core concepts
Understand the structure of civil proceedings: claim, defence, evidence, judgment, appeal and cassation. Know the requirements for a writ of execution and the grounds for enforcement. Master the enforcement procedure: the enforceable title, the order for payment, seizure of bank accounts and movable property, public sale, distribution of proceeds, and the debtor's remedies such as objections and appeals against enforcement acts. Understand the bailiff's duty to notify, the time limits for voluntary payment, and the rules on suspension and termination of enforcement.
Traps
Questions blur the distinction between an objection to the claim and an appeal against a specific enforcement act. Another trap concerns the time limit for voluntary compliance after the notice and whether interest and costs are included in the enforceable amount. Watch for confusion between the court's role and the bailiff's role in ordering coercive measures.
Rule of thumb
Always identify the enforceable title first; without it there is no enforcement. Then check whether the debtor complied within the voluntary period before any seizure.