Bulgaria Theory Test B key terms

A standardized board placed beside or above the road that warns, informs, or orders drivers and pedestrians; in Bulgaria signs are grouped into warning, regulatory, and information categories with distinct shapes and colours.

Painted lines, arrows, and symbols applied to the road surface that guide traffic, separate lanes, mark crossings, and sometimes repeat or reinforce the message of an upright sign.

A marked section of roadway, usually with broad white stripes, where pedestrians have priority once they have stepped onto it; drivers must slow down and yield before the crossing.

The right of a road user to proceed first at a junction, narrowing, or crossing while others wait; it is granted by signs, signals, or the general right-of-way rules.

The default rule that at an unregulated junction a driver must give way to vehicles approaching from the right; it applies only when no sign, marking, or signal says otherwise.

Any place where two or more roads meet or cross, including T-junctions and roundabouts; before entering one, a driver must check signs, signals, and traffic on all relevant approaches.

A junction where traffic travels around a central island in one direction; entering drivers normally yield to vehicles already circulating unless signs or markings indicate otherwise.

Overtaking another moving vehicle by changing lane or moving out and passing it; it is allowed only where visibility, markings, and signs permit and when no one is already overtaking.

The lateral gap a driver keeps when passing vehicles, cyclists, or pedestrians; an adequate gap protects against sudden movements and is required by law for vulnerable road users.

The distance a vehicle travels from the moment the driver presses the brake until it stops; it grows with speed and is longer on wet, icy, or loose surfaces.

The gap a driver keeps to the vehicle ahead, chosen so that stopping is possible if it brakes suddenly; it should increase with speed, poor weather, and reduced visibility.

An illuminated signal controlling traffic at junctions, crossings, or road works; drivers must obey its colours and may proceed on green only when the way ahead is clear.

A uniformed official whose hand and body signals override traffic lights, signs, and markings; drivers must follow the official's directions even when a light shows something different.

A flashing amber light warning of a hazard such as a pedestrian crossing or road works; it does not grant priority and drivers must proceed with extra caution.

The vehicle's braking equipment, including the service brake used while driving and the parking brake used when stationary; it must be maintained so that braking is effective and even.

The tyres fitted to the vehicle, which provide grip and must have sufficient tread depth, correct pressure, and no damage; worn or wrongly inflated tyres lengthen stopping distance.

Loss of tyre contact with the road when a layer of water builds up under the wheels; steering and braking become ineffective, so a driver should ease off the accelerator and avoid sudden inputs.

Rear or front lamps of higher intensity used in fog, heavy rain, or snowfall; rear fog lamps must be switched off when visibility improves because they dazzle following drivers.

Low-beam headlights used at night and in reduced visibility; they illuminate the road without dazzling oncoming traffic and are mandatory in many situations specified by law.

How far a driver can see the road, traffic, and hazards; it is reduced by darkness, fog, rain, bends, and crests, and it limits safe speed and the ability to overtake.

The concentration of alcohol in a driver's blood, measured in promille; Bulgarian law sets a very low permitted limit, and exceeding it brings serious penalties and licence consequences.

The papers a driver must carry and present on request: driving licence, vehicle registration, compulsory insurance evidence, and where applicable a technical inspection certificate.

Compulsory third-party liability insurance covering damage a driver causes to other people or their property; driving without valid cover is an offence and can lead to heavy sanctions.

The periodic inspection confirming that a vehicle meets safety and environmental requirements; a valid certificate is needed to use the vehicle on public roads.

The legal consequence of a traffic offence, which may include a fine, licence points, temporary withdrawal of the right to drive, or other measures imposed by the authorities.

Penalty points recorded against a driver for certain offences; accumulating the maximum number leads to loss of the driving licence for a period set by law.

A crash involving a vehicle on a public road that causes injury, death, or property damage; those involved must stop, help the injured, and notify the police.

Immediate basic care given to an injured person before professional help arrives: making the scene safe, checking response and breathing, calling emergency services, and giving CPR if needed.

The single European emergency number used in Bulgaria to summon police, ambulance, or fire service; callers should give location, number of casualties, and hazards clearly.

The parking brake, applied to hold a vehicle stationary; after a breakdown or crash it should be engaged and the vehicle marked so that it does not roll or block traffic.

Hazard warning lamps that flash on all four corners to signal a breakdown, sudden slowing, or an obstruction; they warn other drivers but do not replace a warning triangle.

A person travelling on foot, including someone pushing a bicycle or using a wheelchair; pedestrians are the most vulnerable road users and drivers owe them particular care.

A person riding a bicycle on the road; drivers must keep a safe lateral gap when passing and must not force a cyclist into the kerb or into oncoming traffic.

Driving smoothly with early gear changes, steady speed, and anticipation of traffic to cut fuel use and emissions; it also reduces wear on brakes and tyres.

Pollutants and greenhouse gases released by a vehicle's exhaust; they depend on fuel type, engine condition, and driving style, and are reduced by maintenance and economical driving.

Driving too close behind another vehicle, often called tailgating; it removes the time needed to react and is a common cause of rear-end collisions, especially at higher speeds.

Temporary road works that change lanes, surfaces, or speed limits; warning signs and reduced limits must be respected, and extra space should be left around workers and equipment.