Traffic Rules and Road Signs
Core Concepts
Bulgarian traffic rules follow the Vienna Convention, with signs classified into warning (triangular, red border), priority (e.g., stop, yield), prohibitory (circular, red border), mandatory (circular, blue), and information signs. You must know the meaning of each shape and colour instantly, as exam questions often show a sign and ask what action it requires. Speed limits: 50 km/h in built-up areas, 90 km/h outside, 140 km/h on motorways (unless posted otherwise). Priority rules: at unmarked intersections, yield to traffic coming from the right; trams have priority over other vehicles. Pedestrian crossings: pedestrians have absolute priority once they step onto the crossing; you must stop. Traffic lights: flashing yellow means proceed with caution, obeying signs.
Traps in Questions
- Sign shape confusion: A triangular sign with a red border is a warning, not a prohibition. A circular sign with a red border is prohibitory.
- Priority at roundabouts: In Bulgaria, vehicles already in the roundabout have priority unless signs indicate otherwise.
- Overtaking rules: Overtaking is prohibited at pedestrian crossings, at intersections (unless priority road), and on bridges. Questions often ask about overtaking a tram – you may overtake a tram on the left only if there is no oncoming traffic and you do not cross a solid line.
- Speed limits in specific areas: Near schools, hospitals, and residential areas, lower limits may apply.
Worked Example
You approach an intersection with a "Give Way" sign (inverted triangle). A car from the left is approaching. Who has priority? According to the sign, you must yield to all traffic on the priority road, regardless of direction. So the car from the left has priority. If the sign were a "Stop" sign, you must come to a complete stop before yielding.
Rule of Thumb
When unsure, remember: "Right before left" at unmarked intersections, but signs and signals override this. Always scan for pedestrians and cyclists before turning.