Vehicle Technical Knowledge and Maintenance
Core Concepts
A roadworthy vehicle requires regular checks: tyres (tread depth minimum 1.6 mm, correct pressure), brakes, lights, fluids (oil, coolant, brake fluid, washer fluid), and steering. Know the dashboard warning lights: red means stop immediately (e.g., oil pressure, brake failure), amber means caution (e.g., engine management, ABS), green/blue means information. The exhaust system must not emit excessive smoke. Tyre pressure should be checked cold. Battery maintenance: check electrolyte level and terminals. In Bulgaria, periodic technical inspection (GTI) is mandatory every two years for cars over 4 years old.
Traps in Questions
- Tread depth: Minimum 1.6 mm across central three-quarters of the tyre. Questions may ask for the legal minimum.
- Warning lights: Confusing red and amber. Red = stop, amber = check soon.
- Tyre pressure: Check when cold, not after driving.
- Brake fluid: Hygroscopic; should be changed every 2 years.
Worked Example
You see a red oil can symbol on the dashboard. What should you do? Stop immediately and check oil level. Driving with low oil pressure can destroy the engine. If the level is low, top up; if the light persists, call for assistance.
Rule of Thumb
"Red means dead, amber means caution." Check tyres and lights weekly.