Bahrain Polytechnic Entry flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Subject-Verb Agreement
- A verb must match its subject in number. Singular subjects take singular verbs; plural subjects take plural verbs, regardless of intervening phrases.
- Comma Splice
- An error joining two independent clauses with only a comma. Correct it with a period, semicolon, or coordinating conjunction such as 'and' or 'but'.
- Active Voice
- A sentence construction where the subject performs the action, as in 'The student solved the problem'. It is usually clearer and more direct than passive voice.
- Inference
- A conclusion that follows necessarily from stated evidence rather than being merely suggested. A valid inference must be true whenever the premises are true.
- Parallel Structure
- Using the same grammatical form for items in a list or comparison, such as all gerunds or all infinitives, which keeps sentences balanced and readable.
- Apostrophe Rules
- Apostrophes show possession ('the student's book') or mark contractions ('don't'). The word 'its' is possessive; 'it's' is short for 'it is'.
- Quadratic Formula
- For ax^2 + bx + c = 0, x equals negative b plus or minus the square root of b squared minus 4ac, all divided by 2a.
- Discriminant
- The expression b^2 - 4ac in a quadratic equation. Positive gives two real roots, zero gives one repeated root, negative gives no real roots.
- Slope Formula
- The slope through two points is the change in y divided by the change in x. Parallel lines have equal slopes; perpendicular slopes multiply to negative one.
- Pythagorean Theorem
- In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides: a^2 + b^2 = c^2.
- Percent Change
- Percent change equals the difference between new and old values divided by the old value, multiplied by 100. Successive changes compound rather than add.
- Probability of Complement
- The probability an event does not occur equals one minus the probability it does occur, since the two outcomes together cover all possibilities.
- Median vs Mean
- The mean is the sum divided by the count; the median is the middle value of ordered data. The median is less affected by extreme outliers.
- Number Series Strategy
- Check simple differences first, then ratios, then alternating sequences. The simplest consistent rule is usually the intended answer.
- Syllogism Validity
- A conclusion is valid only if it must be true whenever the premises are true. 'All A are B' and 'All B are C' implies 'All A are C'.
- Combined Work Rate
- When two workers act together, their rates add. The time taken together is one divided by the sum of their individual rates.
- Analogy Relationship
- An analogy question requires identifying the exact relationship between the first pair (part-to-whole, function, degree) and applying it to the second pair.
- Letter Shift Coding
- A coding rule that shifts letters by a fixed number of positions. Convert letters to numbers (A=1 to Z=26) to reveal the pattern.
- Odd One Out
- A question asking which item lacks a shared property. Find the single attribute held by all items except one, such as parity or category.
- RAM vs Storage
- RAM is volatile working memory erased when power is lost. Hard drives and SSDs are non-volatile storage that retain data without power.
- Operating System Role
- System software that manages hardware, memory, files, and running processes, and provides a platform on which application software executes.
- Phishing Attack
- A social-engineering attack using deceptive emails or messages to trick users into revealing passwords or clicking malicious links.
- Absolute Cell Reference
- A spreadsheet reference fixed with dollar signs, such as $B$2, so it does not shift when the formula is copied to other cells.
- IPv4 Address
- A 32-bit network address written as four dotted decimal numbers. A subnet mask separates the network portion from the host portion.
- Boolean Operators
- Logical operators where AND requires all conditions true, OR requires at least one true, and NOT inverts a condition. Used in searches and spreadsheet functions.
- Newton's Second Law
- The net force on an object equals its mass times its acceleration. Acceleration points in the direction of the net force and decreases as mass increases.
- Photosynthesis Equation
- Six carbon dioxide molecules plus six water molecules, using light energy, produce one glucose molecule and six oxygen molecules inside chloroplasts.
- Atomic Number
- The number of protons in an atom's nucleus. It determines the element's identity and equals the number of electrons in a neutral atom.
- pH Scale
- A scale from 0 to 14 measuring acidity. Values below 7 are acidic, 7 is neutral, and above 7 is basic; each unit is a tenfold change.
- Cell Organelles
- Structures inside cells with specific roles: the nucleus stores genetic material, mitochondria release energy, and plant cells have a cellulose wall.
- States of Matter
- Solids have fixed shape and volume, liquids fixed volume but variable shape, and gases neither. Heating increases particle kinetic energy.
- Speed and Acceleration
- Speed is distance divided by time. Acceleration is the change in velocity divided by time, and velocity includes direction whereas speed does not.