Airspace Structure
Divisions and types
Airspace is divided into flight information regions, control areas, control zones, terminal control areas, airways and advisory routes. Bolivia's FIR is large and mountainous, so terrain and minimum flight altitudes are central. Know the difference between controlled, uncontrolled and advisory airspace, and the meaning of special use airspace: prohibited, restricted and danger areas, plus temporary reserved airspace activated by NOTAM.
Classifications
ICAO airspace classes A to G define services and separation. Class A permits IFR only with separation from all; Class C mixes IFR and VFR with separation between them; Class D provides separation for IFR from IFR and traffic information for VFR; Class E separates IFR from IFR; Class F is advisory; Class G is uncontrolled. Know which classes permit VFR and what services VFR receives in each.
Traps in questions
Questions often ask which class requires a clearance for VFR, or what separation VFR receives in Class D. Another trap is confusing a restricted area with a prohibited area, or assuming a danger area forbids entry. Terrain-driven minimum altitudes are a recurring theme in Bolivian questions.
Rule of thumb
Memorize the class table by asking "who is separated from whom". Worked example: a VFR flight in Class D receives traffic information about IFR and other VFR, but no separation from VFR; it needs a clearance to enter the control zone, and the controller ensures IFR/VFR separation only to the extent prescribed.