BPSC CCE key terms

A voluntary land-gift campaign launched by Vinoba Bhave in 1951, in which landlords donated land to the landless poor. It began in Pochampalli, Andhra Pradesh, and spread across Bihar with notable force.

The legal removal of the zamindar class's proprietary rights over land, begun in Bihar with the Bihar Land Reforms Act, 1950. Ownership passed to the state, which then settled land with cultivating tenants.

Gandhi's 1917 campaign in Bihar against the tinkathia system, under which peasants were forced to grow indigo on a fixed portion of their land. It was his first satyagraha in India.

A colonial-era arrangement in Champaran obliging tenants to plant indigo on three kathas out of every bigha for European planters, often at a loss. Its abolition followed the 1917 inquiry.

A crop sown with the arrival of the monsoon and harvested in autumn, such as paddy, maize, and jute. Paddy is the dominant kharif crop in the Gangetic plains of Bihar.

A crop sown in winter and harvested in spring, including wheat, gram, and mustard. Wheat is the principal rabi crop of the Bihar plains, dependent on irrigation.

A tributary of the Ganga in north Bihar notorious for shifting its course and causing severe floods, earning the name 'sorrow of Bihar'. It carries heavy silt from the Nepal hills.

A famous silk industry centred on Bhagalpur in Bihar, known for its distinctive weaving and often called 'silk city'. It relies on tasar and mulberry silk yarn and supports many handloom households.

The annual commemoration on 22 March of the creation of Bihar as a separate province in 1912, when it was carved out of Bengal. It became a state of independent India in 1950.

A legislature with two houses. At the union level India has the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha; Bihar is one of the states with a bicameral legislature, having a Vidhan Sabha and Vidhan Parishad.

The upper house in a state with a bicameral legislature, known as the Vidhan Parishad. Members are partly elected by MLAs, graduates, teachers, and local bodies, and partly nominated by the Governor.

A constitutional provision allowing the President to assume the functions of a state government when constitutional machinery fails, popularly called President's Rule. It must be approved by Parliament.

A constitutional body constituted every five years under Article 280 to recommend the distribution of tax revenues between the Union and states and among states. It also advises on grants-in-aid.

A constitutional body created by the 101st Amendment establishing the Goods and Services Tax. It is chaired by the Union Finance Minister and includes state finance ministers, deciding rates and rules.

The interest rate at which the central bank lends short-term funds to commercial banks against securities. Raising it usually tightens liquidity and curbs inflation; cutting it encourages credit.

The gap between the government's total expenditure and its total receipts excluding borrowings. It measures how much the government must borrow to fund its spending in a year.

A composite measure published by the UNDP combining life expectancy, education, and per capita income to rank countries by average human wellbeing rather than output alone.

The generation of voltage and current in a material when it absorbs light. Solar cells exploit this effect in semiconductors such as silicon to convert sunlight directly into electricity.

The trapping of outgoing infrared radiation by atmospheric gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, warming the planet's surface. Human emissions have intensified it, driving climate change.

A ratio compares two quantities of the same kind, while a proportion states that two ratios are equal. Problems often involve dividing a sum in a given ratio or finding an unknown term.

The relationship that distance equals speed multiplied by time, used to solve problems on travel, relative motion, and trains crossing objects. Consistent units are essential before calculation.

Counting techniques for arranging objects where order matters (permutations) and selecting objects where order does not (combinations). They underlie probability and arrangement-based reasoning questions.

A form of deductive reasoning with premises and a conclusion, tested by checking whether the conclusion necessarily follows. Venn diagrams help evaluate validity of statements like 'all', 'some', and 'no'.

A reasoning problem describing family relationships through statements or a diagram, requiring the candidate to identify how two people are related. Drawing a family tree prevents confusion.

The skill of reading tables, bar charts, pie charts, and line graphs to extract values and compute comparisons, percentages, or averages. It tests speed and accuracy with numerical data.

A single sentence in an essay's introduction that states the central argument or position the essay will develop. A clear thesis gives structure and keeps the writing focused.

The quality of writing in which ideas connect logically and flow smoothly from one to the next, aided by linking words and consistent argument. It differs from cohesion, which concerns surface ties.

Grammatical voice showing whether the subject performs the action (active) or receives it (passive). Active voice is usually clearer and more direct; passive is useful when the doer is unknown.

A fixed expression whose meaning cannot be deduced from its individual words, such as 'to bite the bullet'. Idiom questions test familiarity with standard usage rather than literal interpretation.

The ability to read a passage and answer questions on its main idea, supporting details, inferences, and vocabulary in context. It rewards careful reading rather than prior subject knowledge.

A synonym is a word with a similar meaning to another, while an antonym has the opposite meaning. These questions test vocabulary breadth and sensitivity to context and register.

हिंदी व्याकरण में दो वर्णों के मेल से होने वाला परिवर्तन, जैसे स्वर संधि, व्यंजन संधि और विसर्ग संधि। यह शब्द-निर्माण की महत्वपूर्ण प्रक्रिया है।

दो या अधिक शब्दों के मेल से बने संक्षिप्त पद को समास कहते हैं, जैसे तत्पुरुष, द्वंद्व, बहुव्रीहि और अव्ययीभाव। इससे शब्द संक्षिप्त और अर्थ-गर्भित हो जाता है।

उपसर्ग शब्द के आरंभ में जुड़कर अर्थ बदलता है, जबकि प्रत्यय अंत में जुड़कर नया शब्द बनाता है। दोनों हिंदी शब्द-रचना के आधारभूत तत्व हैं।

ऐसा वाक्यांश जिसका अर्थ शब्दों के प्रत्यक्ष अर्थ से भिन्न होता है, जैसे 'आँख का तारा'। हिंदी प्रश्नपत्रों में मुहावरों का अर्थ और प्रयोग पूछा जाता है।

जन-जीवन से जुड़ी पूर्ण कहावत जो कोई व्यावहारिक सत्य या अनुभव व्यक्त करती है, जैसे 'अंधों में काना राजा'। इसका प्रयोग वाक्य में स्वतंत्र रूप से होता है।

किसी लंबे वाक्यांश के स्थान पर प्रयुक्त होने वाला एक सार्थक शब्द, जैसे 'जिसकी कोई तुलना न हो' के लिए 'अनुपम'। यह हिंदी में शब्द-संक्षेपण का कौशल जाँचता है।

किसी विषय पर भूमिका, विषय-वस्तु और निष्कर्ष के क्रम में सुसंगठित विचार लिखने की कला। इसमें भाषा-शुद्धि, तार्किकता और विषय-ज्ञान का संतुलन आवश्यक होता है।

औपचारिक या अनौपचारिक पत्र लिखने की विधा, जिसमें प्रेषक, तिथि, संबोधन, विषय और समापन का निश्चित प्रारूप होता है। औपचारिक पत्र में भाषा संक्षिप्त और शिष्ट होनी चाहिए।

वाक्य में लिंग, वचन, काल, कारक और पद-क्रम की अशुद्धियाँ पहचानकर उसे व्याकरण के अनुसार ठीक करने का कौशल। यह हिंदी व्याकरण का महत्वपूर्ण प्रश्न-क्षेत्र है।

किसी एक विषय पर सीमित शब्दों में सुसंगठित और सारगर्भित गद्यांश लिखना, जिसमें एक ही केंद्रीय भाव की निरंतरता बनी रहती है।

The two-paper format of an optional subject in the CCE, each carrying equal marks and covering prescribed sections of the syllabus. Both papers are descriptive and require structured, analytical answers.

The organisation of a descriptive answer into an introduction, a body of arguments or facts, and a conclusion, often supported by headings, examples, and diagrams. It maximises clarity and marks.

Enriching an answer with statistics, committee names, judgments, examples, or diagrams beyond the basic syllabus content. It distinguishes a high-scoring answer from a merely correct one.

The practice of aligning each topic of the prescribed syllabus with prepared notes and previous-question trends. It ensures full coverage and prevents wasted effort on out-of-syllabus material.