TEP Psiquiatria flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Capgras syndrome

A delusional misidentification in which a familiar person is believed to have been replaced by an identical impostor, often seen in psychotic and organic disorders.

Formal thought disorder

Disturbance in the form rather than content of thinking, manifest as derailment, flight of ideas, thought blocking, neologisms or word salad on examination.

Mixed features specifier

Applied when at least three manic symptoms occur during depression, or at least three depressive symptoms during mania or hypomania, in bipolar and depressive disorders.

Rapid cycling

At least four mood episodes within twelve months in bipolar disorder, associated with female sex, thyroid dysfunction and poorer response to lithium.

Lithium therapeutic range

Trough serum lithium typically 0.6-0.8 mmol/L for maintenance and 0.8-1.0 mmol/L for acute mania, with monitoring of renal and thyroid function.

Agoraphobia DSM-5

Marked fear of situations where escape might be difficult, such as crowds or public transport, diagnosed independently of panic disorder and often treated with CBT.

Exposure and response prevention

The first-line psychological treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder, in which patients confront feared triggers while refraining from compulsive rituals.

Acute stress disorder duration

Trauma-related symptoms lasting at least three days but less than one month after exposure; beyond one month the diagnosis becomes post-traumatic stress disorder.

First-rank symptoms

Schneiderian phenomena including audible thoughts, commenting voices, thought insertion or withdrawal, made feelings and delusional perception, historically suggestive of schizophrenia.

Schizophreniform disorder

A psychotic disorder with schizophrenia-like symptoms lasting at least one month but less than six months, after which the diagnosis may change to schizophrenia.

Clozapine blood monitoring

Full blood count weekly for eighteen weeks, then fortnightly until one year, then monthly, to detect neutropenia and agranulocytosis.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A life-threatening reaction to dopamine antagonists with rigidity, hyperthermia, autonomic instability and raised creatine kinase, requiring drug cessation and supportive care.

Delirium tremens

Severe alcohol withdrawal occurring 48-96 hours after cessation, with confusion, hallucinations, tremor and autonomic instability, carrying significant mortality without treatment.

Wernicke encephalopathy triad

Ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and confusion caused by thiamine deficiency; parenteral thiamine is given urgently, before glucose, to prevent Korsakoff syndrome.

Buprenorphine ceiling effect

As a partial opioid agonist, buprenorphine produces limited respiratory depression at higher doses, making it safer in opioid substitution therapy.

Hypoactive delirium

A delirium subtype with reduced motor activity, lethargy and withdrawal, frequently mistaken for depression and commonly missed in older hospital inpatients.

Lewy body dementia

A dementia with fluctuating cognition, visual hallucinations, parkinsonism and REM sleep behaviour disorder, marked by severe sensitivity to antipsychotic medication.

Frontotemporal dementia

A neurodegenerative dementia with early personality change or language impairment, relatively preserved memory, and often onset before age sixty-five.

Serotonin syndrome

A toxidrome of altered mental state, autonomic instability and neuromuscular hyperactivity such as clonus, caused by serotonergic drugs and treated by stopping them.

ECT main indications

Severe depression with psychosis or catatonia, life-threatening food or fluid refusal, treatment-resistant depression, and catatonia from various causes.

Tardive dyskinesia

Involuntary choreoathetoid movements, often orofacial, appearing after prolonged dopamine antagonist exposure; managed by switching to clozapine or using VMAT2 inhibitors.

Behavioural activation

A structured psychological therapy for depression that increases engagement in rewarding activities and reduces avoidance, with efficacy comparable to cognitive behavioural therapy.

Dialectical behaviour therapy

A treatment for borderline personality disorder combining individual therapy, skills training, telephone coaching and a therapist consultation team to reduce self-harm.

Motivational interviewing

A directive, client-centred counselling style using open questions, affirmation, reflection and summarization to strengthen a person's own motivation for behaviour change.

ADHD diagnostic requirement

Symptoms before age twelve, present in at least two settings, causing impairment; first-line treatment combines stimulant medication with behavioural intervention.

Tourette syndrome

Multiple motor tics plus at least one vocal tic persisting over one year, commonly comorbid with ADHD and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Refeeding syndrome

A potentially fatal shift of electrolytes, especially phosphate, after rapid reintroduction of nutrition in severe anorexia nervosa, requiring cautious feeding and monitoring.

Fitness to plead

The ability to understand the charge and plea, follow trial proceedings, instruct counsel and challenge jurors, assessed before a criminal trial proceeds.

McNaughton rules

A legal test holding a person not guilty by reason of insanity if a defect of reason from disease of mind prevented knowing the act's nature or wrongfulness.

Four abilities of capacity

Understanding, retaining, weighing and communicating information relevant to a specific decision, assessed functionally rather than by diagnosis alone.

Post-partum psychosis

A psychiatric emergency usually within two weeks of delivery, with confusion, mood change and delusions, carrying high risk of harm to mother and infant.

Number needed to treat

The reciprocal of the absolute risk reduction, expressing how many patients must be treated for one additional favourable outcome.