BJC flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Operant conditioning
- A process in which the future frequency of a behavior is changed by its consequences, such as reinforcement increasing and punishment decreasing the behavior.
- Positive reinforcement
- A response-contingent presentation of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of that response under similar conditions.
- Negative punishment
- A response-contingent removal of a reinforcing stimulus that decreases the future frequency of the response, as in response cost or time-out from positive reinforcement.
- Establishing operation
- A motivating operation that increases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus and increases the momentary frequency of behavior that has produced that stimulus.
- Discriminative stimulus
- An antecedent stimulus in the presence of which a response has been reinforced and in the absence of which it has not, thereby evoking the response.
- Variable ratio schedule
- A reinforcement schedule in which a response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses, typically producing high, steady response rates and resistance to extinction.
- Rate
- A measure of behavior expressed as the number of responses per unit of time, calculated by dividing total count by total observation time.
- Partial-interval recording
- A discontinuous measurement method in which the interval is scored if the behavior occurs at any time during it, generally overestimating the true occurrence of behavior.
- Momentary time sampling
- A discontinuous method in which behavior is recorded only if it is occurring at the precise moment the interval ends, often yielding less bias than partial or whole interval.
- Interobserver agreement
- The degree to which two independent observers record the same values for the same behavior during the same observation period, typically expressed as a percentage.
- Visual analysis
- Systematic examination of graphed data to judge level, trend, and variability within and between conditions, and the immediacy, magnitude, and consistency of behavior change.
- Reversal design
- An experimental design in which baseline and treatment conditions are alternated, often as ABAB, to demonstrate that behavior changes when and only when the independent variable is applied.
- Multiple baseline design
- A design in which the independent variable is introduced sequentially across behaviors, settings, or participants while untreated baselines remain stable, demonstrating experimental control.
- Alternating treatments design
- A design that rapidly alternates two or more conditions to compare their effects while controlling for sequence and maturation, though carryover effects may occur.
- Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior
- A procedure in which reinforcement is delivered for a specified alternative response while reinforcement for the problem behavior is withheld or reduced.
- Functional communication training
- A treatment that teaches a socially acceptable communication response that produces the same reinforcer maintaining problem behavior, reducing the problem behavior.
- Shaping
- Reinforcing successive approximations to a target behavior while extinguishing earlier approximations, used to develop new response topographies.
- Functional behavior assessment
- A systematic process using indirect, descriptive, and experimental methods to identify environmental variables that reliably evoke and maintain problem behavior.
- Functional analysis
- An experimental FBA method in which antecedents and consequences are systematically manipulated in controlled conditions to identify the function of problem behavior.
- Paired-choice preference assessment
- A method presenting pairs of stimuli repeatedly to derive a preference hierarchy based on the proportion of trials each stimulus is selected.
- ABC recording
- A descriptive assessment method that documents antecedents, behaviors, and consequences as they occur in the natural environment to generate hypotheses about behavioral function.
- Behavior intervention plan
- A written, function-based plan specifying operational definitions, baseline data, antecedent and consequence strategies, replacement behaviors, data collection, and review procedures.
- Differential reinforcement of other behavior
- A procedure in which reinforcement is delivered when the target problem behavior has not occurred for a specified interval, reinforcing the absence of the behavior.
- Token economy
- A system in which tokens are delivered contingent on target behaviors and exchanged for backup reinforcers, with defined exchange rates and fading plans.
- Social validity
- The extent to which consumers and stakeholders judge intervention goals, procedures, and outcomes as acceptable, appropriate, and important.
- Treatment integrity
- The degree to which an intervention is implemented as designed, often measured with checklists or direct observation to support internal validity and client outcomes.
- Informed consent
- Documented voluntary agreement after disclosure of purpose, procedures, risks, benefits, alternatives, right to withdraw, and confidentiality limits in understandable language.
- Least restrictive procedure
- An ethical principle requiring selection of the least intrusive effective intervention, with more restrictive procedures justified only by data and increased safeguards.
- Multiple relationship
- A situation in which a behavior analyst has a professional relationship with a client plus another relationship that could impair objectivity or exploit the client.
- Mandated reporting
- A legal and ethical obligation to report suspected abuse, neglect, or exploitation of a vulnerable person to designated authorities according to jurisdictional requirements.
- Performance feedback
- Supervisory information given to a supervisee about specific behavior, ideally immediate, behavior-focused, and followed by practice and further observation.
- Supervision contract
- A written agreement specifying supervision goals, activities, schedule, evaluation methods, and responsibilities of supervisor and supervisee, documented per applicable standards.