Bhutan Civil Service Preliminary Examination flashcards

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Constitution of Bhutan 2008

Supreme law adopted on 18 July 2008, establishing a democratic constitutional monarchy, fundamental rights, and separation of powers among the executive, legislature, and judiciary.

GNH four pillars

Gross National Happiness rests on four pillars: sustainable and equitable socio-economic development, environmental conservation, preservation and promotion of culture, and good governance.

National animal of Bhutan

The Takin (Budorcas taxicolor) is Bhutan's national animal; it is a goat-antelope found in the eastern Himalayas and is protected under Bhutanese law.

Ngultrum

The Ngultrum (BTN) is Bhutan's currency, pegged at par with the Indian Rupee; it is issued and regulated by the Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan.

LDC graduation Bhutan

Bhutan graduated from Least Developed Country status in December 2023, marking a milestone in its socio-economic development after decades of international support.

Dzongkha national language

Dzongkha is Bhutan's national language, declared in 1971; it is written in the Uchen script and is used in government and education alongside English.

Uchen script

The Uchen script is the formal block script used to write Dzongkha; it is derived from Tibetan script and has 30 consonants and four vowel signs.

Dzongkha Development Commission

The Dzongkha Development Commission, established in 1986, standardizes Dzongkha terminology, orthography, and lexicon, and promotes the language's use in Bhutan.

Choekey

Choekey is the classical liturgical language used in Bhutanese monastic rituals and religious texts; it is a form of Tibetan and is distinct from modern Dzongkha.

Lozey

Lozey is a traditional Bhutanese poetic form consisting of verse that often uses metaphor and imagery to express love, nature, or spiritual themes.

Tsangmo

Tsangmo is a Bhutanese quatrain form, typically sung in alternating verses, often expressing emotions such as love, longing, or humor in folk tradition.

Dzongkha honorific register

Dzongkha has an honorific register called zhe-sa, used for royalty and clergy; it employs distinct vocabulary and verb forms to show respect and social hierarchy.

Fewer versus less

Use 'fewer' with countable nouns (fewer books) and 'less' with uncountable nouns (less water); 'amount' pairs with uncountable nouns, 'number' with countable.

Dangling modifier

A dangling modifier is an introductory phrase that does not logically modify the subject of the main clause, often creating ambiguity or unintended meaning.

Semicolon usage

A semicolon joins two independent clauses not connected by a conjunction; it can also separate items in a complex list containing internal commas.

Metaphor versus simile

A metaphor makes an implied comparison without like or as; a simile makes an explicit comparison using like or as, as in 'brave as a lion'.

Romanticism

A literary movement of the late 18th and 19th centuries emphasizing emotion, individualism, nature, and imagination, represented by Wordsworth, Keats, and Shelley.

Active voice

In active voice, the subject performs the action (The committee approved the plan); it is preferred in formal writing for clarity and directness.

Compound interest formula

Compound interest is calculated as P[(1 + R/100)^T − 1], where P is principal, R is annual rate percent, and T is time in years.

Average speed equal distances

For equal distances traveled at speeds x and y, average speed is 2xy / (x + y), which is the harmonic mean of the two speeds.

Combinations formula

The number of combinations of n items taken r at a time is nCr = n! / [r!(n − r)!], where order does not matter.

Contrapositive

The contrapositive of 'if P then Q' is 'if not Q then not P'; it is logically equivalent to the original conditional statement.

Time and work formula

If A completes a job in x days and B in y days, working together they finish in xy / (x + y) days, assuming constant rates.

Successive percentage change

For successive changes of a% and b%, the net change is (1 + a/100)(1 + b/100) − 1, expressed as a percentage of the original value.

Syllogism

A syllogism is a deductive argument with two premises and a conclusion; Venn diagrams help test validity by representing set relationships.

Tsa-Wa-Sum

Tsa-Wa-Sum means King, Country, and People; it is the core loyalty triad in Bhutanese civil service values and public service oaths.

Royal Civil Service Commission

The RCSC, established in 1982, recruits, promotes, and disciplines Bhutanese civil servants under the Civil Service Act and related rules.

National Council

Bhutan's upper house has 25 members: 20 elected from dzongkhags and 5 appointed by the King; it reviews legislation and advises on national issues.

National Assembly

Bhutan's lower house has a maximum of 55 members elected from constituencies; it initiates and passes legislation and controls the executive.

Anti-Corruption Commission

Bhutan's ACC, established in 2006, investigates and prosecutes corruption, promotes integrity, and educates the public on anti-corruption measures.

Local Government Act 2009

The Local Government Act 2009 establishes elected Dzongkhag Tshogdu and Gewog Tshogde bodies, decentralizing governance and promoting local participation.

Election Commission of Bhutan

The ECB, established in 2006, conducts elections and referendums, registers voters, and ensures free and fair electoral processes in Bhutan.