Botswana BGCSE Science Double Award (0569) study plan

Draw and label a plant cell and an animal cell from memory, then list three structures each cell type has that the other lacks.

Explain the functions of the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast and mitochondrion without referring to notes.

Describe diffusion and osmosis in your own words and predict the direction of water movement for three everyday situations such as a wilted plant or a root hair cell.

Compare unicellular organisms with multicellular organisms and state one advantage of each level of organisation from cell to organ system.

Explain how the structures of a root hair cell, a red blood cell and a palisade cell suit their functions.

Describe the process of photosynthesis, write its word equation and identify the factors that limit its rate.

Explain how temperature, light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration affect the rate of photosynthesis and interpret a rate graph.

Describe the role of enzymes in digestion and name the substrate and product for three digestive enzymes.

Explain how the products of digestion are absorbed and how the leaf is adapted for gas exchange.

Describe the pathway of blood through the heart and the double circulation of the body, naming the main vessels and chambers.

Explain how the alveoli and the villi are adapted for exchange of materials and relate this to surface area to volume ratio.

Describe the structure and function of the main components of blood.

Explain how the body controls blood glucose and body temperature using negative feedback.

Describe the structure and function of the male and female reproductive systems and outline the menstrual cycle.

Explain how fertilisation, implantation and development of the fetus occur and describe the function of the placenta and amniotic fluid.

Describe how pathogens cause disease and explain three ways the body defends itself against infection.

Explain how vaccination works and why antibiotics do not work against viruses.

Design a fair test for a health-related question, identifying the independent, dependent and controlled variables.

Interpret a table of experimental results by calculating a mean and spotting an anomalous value.

Describe the flow of energy through a food chain and explain why energy is lost at each trophic level, then calculate the efficiency of energy transfer.

Explain the carbon cycle and the nitrogen cycle by naming the processes and organisms involved at each stage.

Evaluate three human activities that affect ecosystems and suggest one conservation measure for each.

Describe the structure of an atom in terms of protons, neutrons and electrons and use atomic number and mass number to work out the numbers of each particle.

Draw dot-and-cross diagrams for ionic and covalent compounds including sodium chloride, magnesium oxide, water and carbon dioxide.

Write balanced symbol equations for at least ten reactions including neutralisation, combustion and displacement.

Explain the difference between strong and weak acids and describe the reactions of acids with metals, metal oxides, carbonates and alkalis.

Describe how to prepare a soluble salt from an acid and an insoluble base, including the practical steps.

Relate the reactivity series to the extraction of metals and explain why carbon is used for iron but electrolysis is needed for aluminium.

Describe the extraction of iron in a blast furnace and explain the environmental issues caused by metal extraction.

Calculate speed, acceleration, force, work done and power from given data, showing units correctly.

Interpret distance-time and velocity-time graphs and calculate the distance travelled from the area under a velocity-time graph.

Apply the principle of conservation of energy to everyday examples and calculate efficiency.

Describe reflection and refraction and use the wave equation to calculate speed, frequency or wavelength.

Draw and interpret series and parallel circuits and calculate current, voltage and resistance using Ohm's law.

Describe the difference between transverse and longitudinal waves and state three uses of electromagnetic waves.

Describe the three types of nuclear radiation, their penetrating power and their uses, and balance nuclear decay equations.

Explain the difference between fission and fusion and describe one use and one hazard of radioactivity.

Describe the magnetic effect of a current and explain how a simple motor or transformer works.

Plan an investigation from a given scenario, stating the hypothesis, variables, method, safety precautions and how to make the result reliable.

Interpret and evaluate data presented in graphs and tables, identifying sources of error and suggesting improvements.