Belarus Civil Service Qualifying Examination flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Constitution of Belarus

The supreme law adopted in 1994 and amended by referendums in 1996, 2004 and 2022; it establishes the unitary democratic social state and the separation of powers.

Constitutional Court

The body that reviews the constitutionality of normative acts and protects the supremacy of the Constitution; its decisions are binding and final.

Civil service competition

A procedure for filling civil service posts based on assessment of candidates' qualifications, ensuring merit-based appointment and equal access to service.

Conflict of interest

A situation where a civil servant's private interest may improperly influence official decisions; it requires disclosure and recusal from the affected matter.

New Public Management

An administrative reform approach emphasizing measurable results, performance indicators, contracting-out and citizen orientation rather than procedural compliance alone.

Regulatory impact assessment

Analysis of the costs, benefits and risks of a draft normative act before adoption, used to avoid unnecessary administrative burden on citizens and business.

Budget deficit

The excess of budget expenditures over revenues in a period; it is financed by borrowing and reserve assets and is subject to statutory limits.

Refinancing rate

The central bank's key interest rate for lending to commercial banks; it influences credit costs, inflation and monetary conditions in the economy.

Administrative offence

An unlawful culpable act of lower public danger than a crime, punishable under the Code of Administrative Offences by warning, fine or other statutory penalty.

Limitation period

The statutory period, generally three years in civil matters, within which a person may seek protection of a violated right through court.

Minimum subsistence budget

The value of the minimum set of goods and services considered necessary for a person's subsistence; it is used as a base for social benefits.

Targeted social assistance

Means-tested state support provided to low-income families and persons in difficult life situations, financed from the budget rather than insurance contributions.

CIA triad

The three core information security objectives: confidentiality, preventing unauthorized disclosure; integrity, preventing unauthorized modification; and availability, ensuring timely access.

Multi-factor authentication

An access control method requiring two or more independent factors from knowledge, possession or inherence categories, reducing the risk of credential theft.

Nomenclature of files

The approved systematic list of file titles with retention periods, used to organize documents into case files and to control their storage and disposal.

Business letter structure

A format comprising the reason for writing, the main message, supporting details, the requested action and a polite closing, with mandatory requisites.

Oblast executive committee

The regional executive body headed by a chairman appointed by the President; it implements state policy and manages the territory's economy and social sphere.

Council of the Republic

The upper chamber of the National Assembly representing territorial units; members are elected by local councils and appointed by the President.

Local council of deputies

The elected representative body of local self-government that approves the local budget, local taxes and programmes of social and economic development.

Territorial public self-government

Voluntary associations of citizens at their place of residence, operating under registered charters to address local issues and represent neighborhood interests.

EAEU

The Eurasian Economic Union, providing free movement of goods, services, capital and labour among members and applying a common external customs tariff.

National Security Concept

A strategic document defining national interests, internal and external threats, and the system of measures and bodies ensuring the country's security.

Citizen appeal

A proposal, application or complaint submitted to a state body; it must be registered and answered within the statutory period, generally 15 or 30 days.

Administrative penalty

A statutory measure of liability for an administrative offence, including warning, fine, correctional labour, administrative arrest and disqualification.

Public goods

Goods that are non-excludable and non-rival, such as national defence and street lighting, which markets underprovide and states typically finance.

Laffer curve

A graphical relationship showing that beyond a certain tax rate, further rate increases reduce total tax revenue because economic activity declines.

Personal data protection

The set of legal and technical measures ensuring lawful, purpose-limited processing of information about individuals and their rights to access and rectification.

Least privilege principle

An access control rule granting users only the permissions necessary for their duties, limiting potential damage from errors or compromised accounts.

BATNA

The best alternative to a negotiated agreement; it defines the walk-away point and strengthens a negotiator's position by clarifying options outside the talks.

Active listening

A communication technique using paraphrasing, clarifying questions and summarizing to confirm understanding and demonstrate attention to the speaker's message.

Pacta sunt servanda

A fundamental principle of international law requiring states to perform treaty obligations in good faith; it underpins the binding force of treaties.

Diplomatic immunity

A rule of international law exempting diplomatic missions and personnel from the jurisdiction of the receiving state, enabling them to perform their functions independently.