Canada BWR flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- SMAW polarity
- DCEN concentrates heat at the work for deep penetration; DCEP concentrates heat at the electrode for shallower penetration and better arc stability.
- Spray transfer
- A GMAW transfer mode with high current and small droplets, producing deep penetration and high deposition; limited to flat and horizontal positions.
- Heat input formula
- Heat input (kJ/mm) = (voltage × current × 60) / (1000 × travel speed in mm/min); higher travel speed or lower current reduces heat input.
- GTAW electrode
- Tungsten electrode; DCEN is used for steel to avoid contamination; AC is used for aluminum to break the oxide film.
- FCAW self-shielded
- A flux-cored arc welding process that uses the flux core for shielding without external gas; more wind-tolerant and used outdoors.
- Essential variable
- A welding parameter (e.g., process, base metal group, filler classification, preheat, PWHT) that, if changed, requires requalification of the WPS.
- PQR
- Procedure Qualification Record: a document that records the actual welding variables and test results used to qualify a WPS.
- P-number
- ASME Section IX grouping of base metals with similar welding characteristics; a PQR qualifies the P-number and may qualify others per code rules.
- F-number
- ASME grouping of filler metals by usability; qualification with one F-number may cover others within limits.
- PWHT essential variable
- Post-weld heat treatment is an essential variable; adding or changing PWHT temperature or time requires requalification of the WPS.
- WPQ
- Welder Performance Qualification: a test of a welder's ability to produce sound welds, specific to process and position, separate from procedure qualification.
- Welder position qualification
- Welder qualification is position-specific; a higher position (e.g., 6G) may qualify lower positions per code rules, but not vice versa.
- Backing in WPQ
- A welder qualified with backing is not qualified for welding without backing unless specifically tested for root pass without backing.
- Continuity of qualification
- Welders must maintain qualification by welding with the process within a specified period (e.g., 6 months) or requalify.
- E7018 electrode
- A low-hydrogen SMAW electrode with 70 ksi minimum tensile strength, all-position, and iron powder coating; requires dry storage.
- ER308L filler
- A stainless steel GMAW/GTAW filler with low carbon, used for welding 304 and 304L base metals to resist sensitization.
- ER4043 filler
- An aluminum filler with 5% silicon, good for general purpose and crack resistance; not for anodizing color match.
- Low-hydrogen storage
- Low-hydrogen electrodes must be stored in heated ovens and used within specified time to prevent moisture pickup and hydrogen cracking.
- Carbon equivalent
- A formula (e.g., IIW) estimating weldability from composition; higher CE increases hardenability and cracking risk, often requiring preheat.
- HAZ
- Heat-affected zone: the base metal not melted but altered by welding heat; properties depend on cooling rate and composition.
- Hydrogen cracking
- Cracking caused by hydrogen, susceptible microstructure, and tensile stress; controlled by low-hydrogen consumables, preheat, and PWHT.
- Charpy impact test
- A test measuring toughness by striking a notched specimen; results are absorbed energy and lateral expansion at a specified temperature.
- Sensitization
- Chromium carbide precipitation at grain boundaries in austenitic stainless steel (450–850°C), reducing corrosion resistance; low-carbon grades resist.
- Bend test
- A test evaluating ductility and soundness of the weld and HAZ by bending a specimen; used in procedure and welder qualification.
- Visual inspection
- The first and most common inspection method; detects surface defects, alignment, and weld size without special equipment.
- Dye penetrant testing
- A surface inspection method using a liquid dye to detect surface-breaking defects in nonporous materials.
- Magnetic particle testing
- A method using magnetic fields and particles to detect surface and near-surface defects in ferromagnetic materials.
- Ultrasonic testing
- A volumetric inspection method using high-frequency sound waves; effective for thick sections and planar defects; requires couplant.
- Radiographic testing
- A volumetric inspection method using X-rays or gamma rays; detects porosity and inclusions; requires radiation safety and IQI.
- Arc eye prevention
- UV radiation from welding causes photokeratitis; use proper filter lens and protect others with screens.
- Fire watch
- A person assigned to monitor for fire during and after hot work; required when welding near combustibles.
- Hot work permit
- A document authorizing welding or cutting after fire hazards are assessed and controlled; required in many facilities.