Naturalization and Citizenship
Eligibility and the process
Naturalization under INA §316 generally requires five years as an LPR, physical presence, continuous residence, good moral character, English proficiency, and knowledge of U.S. history and government. Spouses of U.S. citizens may qualify after three years. Know the exceptions for elderly and long-term residents.
Key traps
Questions test the difference between continuous residence and physical presence, the effect of extended absences (generally six months or more raises a rebuttable presumption of a break), and the good moral character period. Also know the oath ceremony, the derivative citizenship rules, and the effect of a criminal conviction on naturalization.
Worked example
An LPR has been outside the U.S. for eight months in one trip. Rule of thumb: an absence of more than six months but less than one year creates a rebuttable presumption of a break in continuous residence; the applicant must show ties to the U.S. to overcome it.