Aerodrome and Airspace Procedures
Aerodrome geometry and markings
Understand runway designators (magnetic heading divided by ten, rounded), displaced thresholds, taxiway markings, and mandatory instruction signs. Know the difference between a controlled aerodrome (operating control tower) and an aerodrome with an FSS or MF. Traffic circuit geometry matters: join downwind at circuit altitude, fly a standard left-hand circuit unless right-hand is published, and know the meaning of the circuit height published in the Canada Flight Supplement (CFS).
Airspace classes
Canadian airspace is divided into Classes A through G. Class A is high-level controlled, IFR only. Class B is low-level controlled. Class C requires a clearance and has a control zone to the surface. Class D requires a clearance but has a different VFR weather minimum. Class E is controlled but VFR aircraft need no clearance; Class F is advisory (FAA) or restricted (CYR) special-use airspace; Class G is uncontrolled. Memorize the VFR meteorological minima for each class and altitude band, and the transponder and equipment requirements by class.
Communication and procedures
Know when a radio is required (most controlled airspace and MF aerodromes), the standard calls (taxi, departure, downwind, final), and mandatory frequency procedures including the requirement to monitor and report. Understand the CFS, VNC/VTA charts, and NOTAM use.
Traps and a worked example
Traps: assuming Class E needs a clearance (it does not), confusing control zone with terminal control area, and forgetting that Class C VFR minima differ from Class D.
Worked rule: Entering a Class C control zone VFR requires both an ATC clearance and the Class C VFR minima (3 statute miles visibility, 1 mile horizontally and 500 feet vertically from cloud). If the tower says "stand by," you are not cleared.