Canada IATRA flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Density altitude formula
- Density altitude equals pressure altitude plus 120 times the difference between actual temperature and ISA temperature, giving the altitude at which the aircraft performs as if at that height.
- Load factor in a turn
- In a level turn the load factor equals one divided by the cosine of the bank angle; a 60-degree bank produces a load factor of two.
- Accelerated stall speed
- Stall speed increases with the square root of the load factor; at a load factor of two the stall speed is about 41 percent higher than in level flight.
- Service ceiling definition
- The altitude at which an aircraft's maximum climb rate falls to 100 feet per minute under standard conditions at maximum certificated weight.
- Constant-speed propeller function
- A governor varies blade angle to hold the selected RPM as airspeed and power change, allowing efficient operation across the flight envelope.
- Carburettor icing temperature range
- Carburettor icing is most likely with outside air temperatures between minus 7 and plus 21 degrees Celsius when relative humidity is high.
- Weight effect on ground roll
- Takeoff and landing ground roll varies approximately with the square of the gross weight change, so a 10 percent weight increase raises ground roll about 21 percent.
- V1 decision speed
- The speed by which the pilot must decide to continue or reject a takeoff; it never exceeds rotation speed and decreases as weight decreases.
- Wake turbulence separation
- Vortices are generated at the wingtips and sink below the flight path; lighter aircraft must allow greater time and distance behind heavier aircraft.
- Stabilized approach criteria
- By 500 feet in instrument conditions or 1000 feet in visual conditions the aircraft must be on speed, on path, and in landing configuration.
- Fuel reserve requirement
- Instrument flight rules in Canada require a 45-minute reserve at normal cruise power in addition to trip, alternate, and contingency fuel.
- Emergency squawk codes
- Transponder code 7700 signals an emergency, 7600 signals radio failure, and 7500 signals unlawful interference with the flight.
- Go-around procedure sequence
- Apply full power, establish a positive climb, retract flaps in stages, and retract landing gear only after a positive rate of climb is confirmed.
- Standard atmosphere values
- At sea level the standard atmosphere has a pressure of 29.92 inches of mercury, a temperature of 15 degrees Celsius, and a lapse rate of about 2 degrees per 1000 feet.
- Pressure altitude calculation
- Pressure altitude equals indicated altitude plus the difference between 29.92 and the altimeter setting, multiplied by 1000 feet.
- Cold air altimeter error
- Flying from warm to cold air or from high to low pressure without resetting the altimeter causes the aircraft to be lower than the indicated altitude.
- Freezing rain hazard
- Freezing rain indicates a warm layer above subfreezing surface air; supercooled drops freeze on impact and create severe airframe icing rapidly.
- METAR versus TAF
- A METAR reports observed conditions at an aerodrome, while a TAF forecasts expected conditions over a stated period for that aerodrome.
- Cold front characteristics
- A cold front brings a narrow band of rapid weather change, strong gusty winds, a wind shift, and often showers or thunderstorms.
- Density altitude factors
- High elevation, high temperature, and high humidity all increase density altitude and degrade takeoff, climb, and landing performance.
- VFR cloud clearance minima
- In Class C and D controlled airspace, VFR flight requires 3 statute miles visibility and 500 feet below, 1000 feet above, and 2000 feet horizontally from cloud.
- VFR minimum altitude rule
- Over built-up areas VFR flight must be at least 1000 feet above the highest obstacle within 2000 feet; elsewhere 500 feet above the highest obstacle.
- Class A airspace rule
- Class A airspace is controlled airspace in which only instrument flight rules operations are permitted, and all aircraft require an ATC clearance.
- Pilot-in-command responsibility
- The pilot-in-command is responsible for the aircraft's airworthiness, the conduct of the flight, and compliance with the Canadian Aviation Regulations.
- Hypoxia symptoms
- Hypoxia produces euphoria, impaired judgement, headache, and cyanosis; supplemental oxygen is required above 10,000 feet for flights over 30 minutes.
- Spatial disorientation remedy
- Spatial disorientation occurs when vestibular illusions conflict with instrument readings; the pilot must trust the instruments and maintain a standard scan.
- One-in-sixty rule
- A one-degree heading error produces a one nautical mile track error over 60 nautical miles, allowing quick correction calculations.
- Compass deviation definition
- Deviation is the error in a magnetic compass caused by the aircraft's own magnetic fields, recorded on the compass correction card.
- Twenty-four hour currency rule
- A pilot must have completed a takeoff and landing within the preceding 24 hours before carrying passengers in an aircraft.
- Hyperventilation treatment
- Hyperventilation shares symptoms with hypoxia but is treated by slowing the breathing rate and reassuring the pilot, not by descending.
- Best angle versus best rate
- Best angle of climb gives the greatest altitude gain per unit of horizontal distance; best rate gives the greatest altitude gain per unit of time.
- Maximum range airspeed
- Maximum range occurs at the speed for best lift-to-drag ratio, while maximum endurance occurs at the speed for minimum power required.