Inference, Interpretation, and Author's Purpose
What this domain asks you to do
Inference means reading between the lines: using clues in the text plus your own knowledge to reach a conclusion the author did not state directly. Interpretation means explaining what a passage, character, or image really means. Author's purpose means figuring out why the author wrote the text-to inform, entertain, persuade, or explain.
Concepts to master
- Evidence-based inference: every inference must be supported by at least one detail in the text.
- Author's purpose: look at word choice, facts vs. opinions, and whether the author is trying to change your mind.
- Tone and attitude: words like unfortunately or amazing reveal how the author feels.
- Drawing conclusions: combine several clues to reach a reasonable judgment.
Traps to watch for
- An inference that could be true in real life but is not supported by the passage.
- Confusing the author's purpose with the topic.
- Choosing an extreme conclusion when the text only suggests a possibility.
- Missing persuasive language hidden in an informational passage.
Rule of thumb
Use the "because" test: state your inference, then add because and point to a sentence in the passage. If you cannot finish the sentence with evidence, the inference is too weak.
Worked example: Lena checked the sky three times and packed an umbrella before leaving. An inference is Lena expected rain because she checked the sky repeatedly and packed an umbrella. The inference Lena dislikes the sun fails the because test-nothing in the text supports it.