NSE English 10 flashcards
NSE English 10 · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Active listening
- A communication process in which the listener receives, interprets, evaluates, and responds to a speaker, confirming understanding by paraphrasing before offering a reply.
- Ethos
- A rhetorical appeal based on the speaker's credibility, character, and authority. It is built through qualifications, fair treatment of opposing views, and reliable sourcing.
- Pathos
- A rhetorical appeal that stirs audience emotion to support a claim. It uses vivid language, stories, imagery, or values, and must be evaluated for manipulation.
- Logos
- A rhetorical appeal grounded in logic and evidence. It includes facts, statistics, examples, and reasoned warrants that connect evidence to a claim.
- Paraphrasing for confirmation
- Restating a speaker's main point in your own words and asking whether you understood correctly. This checks accuracy and reduces defensive misunderstanding during discussion.
- Loaded language
- Words chosen to trigger strong positive or negative feelings rather than to describe neutrally. Listeners should separate emotional force from factual support.
- False dilemma
- A fallacy that presents only two options when more exist. It pressures an audience by making a complex choice seem like an either-or decision.
- Ad hominem
- A fallacy that attacks a person's character or circumstances instead of addressing the argument. It weakens reasoning because personal traits do not disprove a claim.
- Oral citation
- A spoken reference identifying a source's author, date, and qualification before using its evidence. It builds credibility and helps listeners judge reliability.
- Group facilitator
- A discussion role that manages turn-taking, restates goals, invites quiet members, and limits dominance so the group tests ideas rather than personalities.
- Nonverbal incongruence
- A mismatch between spoken words and body signals such as tone, posture, or eye contact. Listeners often notice it and may doubt the speaker's confidence or honesty.
- Theme
- A central insight about life or human behavior conveyed by a literary work. Unlike a topic, a theme is expressed as a complete idea supported by the whole text.
- Inference
- A conclusion drawn by combining textual evidence with background knowledge. A valid inference stays open to revision when new evidence appears.
- Central idea
- The main point a nonfiction text develops across paragraphs. It is broader than a supporting detail and is often stated in the introduction or conclusion.
- Warrant
- The unstated assumption that connects evidence to a claim. Evaluating a warrant reveals whether the evidence actually supports the conclusion offered.
- Text structure
- The organizational pattern of a passage, such as chronology, cause-effect, comparison-contrast, or problem-solution. Signal words often reveal which pattern the author uses.
- Author's purpose
- The reason an author writes a text: to inform, persuade, entertain, or explain. Tone, evidence, and structure help readers identify the dominant purpose.
- Framing
- The way media select and emphasize certain details to shape audience interpretation. Framing can highlight conflict, human interest, or economic consequences while omitting other angles.
- Visual rhetoric
- The use of images, camera angles, lighting, color, and composition to persuade or shape meaning. Viewers analyze what is included, excluded, and emphasized.
- Symbolism
- A literary device in which an object, place, or action represents a larger idea beyond its literal meaning. Context and repetition usually signal the symbol.
- Dramatic irony
- A situation in which the audience knows information that a character does not. The gap creates suspense, humor, or tragic tension.
- Hasty generalization
- A fallacy that draws a broad conclusion from too few or unrepresentative examples. Reliable reasoning requires sufficient, varied, and relevant evidence.
- Thesis statement
- A sentence that states a text's arguable main claim and previews its reasoning. It should be specific enough to guide the body paragraphs.
- Topic sentence
- The first or key sentence of a paragraph that announces its controlling idea. It connects to the thesis and prepares readers for the evidence that follows.
- Quote sandwich
- A writing pattern that introduces a quotation with context, presents the exact words, and explains how they support the claim. It prevents dropped quotations.
- Revision
- The writing stage that changes ideas, organization, evidence, and clarity. It differs from editing, which mainly corrects grammar, spelling, and punctuation.
- Comma splice
- An error that joins two independent clauses with only a comma. It is fixed by adding a conjunction, using a semicolon, or separating the clauses.
- Parallel structure
- A pattern that expresses related ideas in the same grammatical form. It improves readability and rhythm in lists, comparisons, and paired statements.
- Counterclaim
- An opposing position that a writer acknowledges before answering it. Addressing a counterclaim with evidence makes an argument more credible and balanced.
- Cohesion
- The quality that makes sentences and paragraphs hold together. It is created through transitions, pronoun reference, repeated key terms, and logical order.
- Showing versus telling
- A narrative technique that uses sensory detail, action, and dialogue to let readers infer emotion instead of stating it directly.
- Source integration
- The process of weaving quotations and paraphrases into a writer's own reasoning with context and commentary. Each source must be relevant, cited, and explained.