PEI EMA Grade 6 key terms

The most important point a text makes about its topic, usually expressible in one sentence. It is broader than a supporting detail and is often stated in the opening or closing paragraph.

A conclusion a reader reaches by combining clues in the text with background knowledge. The answer is not stated directly, so the reader must reason from evidence and check it against the passage.

The underlying message about life or people that a story or poem communicates, such as courage or loyalty. It is stated as a general idea, not as a summary of plot events.

The way an author organizes information, for example compare and contrast, cause and effect, problem and solution, sequence, or description. Recognizing the pattern helps a reader predict what comes next and locate key details.

The perspective from which a text is told. First person uses I or we and shows only what the narrator knows; third person uses he, she, or they and may be limited or all-knowing.

Information in the words and sentences around an unfamiliar word that helps a reader work out its meaning, such as a definition, an example, a synonym, or a contrast.

A brief restatement of a text's main ideas and important details in the reader's own words, leaving out minor information. A strong summary keeps the original meaning and the order of key events.

The sentence that states the main idea of a paragraph, usually placed first. The remaining sentences support it with explanation, evidence, or examples that stay on the same point.

Words or phrases such as however, therefore, and in addition that link ideas and show how sentences and paragraphs relate. They signal contrast, cause, sequence, or added information for the reader.

Reworking a draft to improve ideas, organization, and word choice. It goes beyond fixing spelling and grammar and may involve adding, cutting, reordering, or rewriting whole sections.

The writer's personality and attitude coming through word choice, sentence variety, and level of formality. A clear voice suits the purpose and the audience the writing is meant for.

The agreed rules of written language, including spelling, capitalization, punctuation, and grammar. Readers rely on them so that meaning stays clear and the text looks finished.

Paying full attention to a speaker, holding questions until a suitable pause, and showing engagement through eye contact, nodding, and restating what was heard before replying.

Restating a speaker's or author's idea in your own words to check understanding. In a discussion it also signals that you heard the point before you agree, disagree, or add to it.

A question asked to remove confusion about what a speaker meant, such as requesting an example or a definition, rather than a question meant to challenge or debate the idea.

Messages sent without words, including facial expression, gestures, posture, tone of voice, and eye contact. These cues can support or contradict what a speaker is actually saying.

The value of a digit based on its position in a number. In 4.36 the 3 means three tenths because it sits in the tenths place, while the 6 means six hundredths.

Fractions that name the same amount even though the numerators and denominators differ, such as two thirds and four sixths. Multiplying or dividing top and bottom by the same number creates them.

The largest whole number that divides evenly into two or more given numbers. It is used to simplify fractions to lowest terms and to factor numerical and algebraic expressions.

The smallest whole number that is a multiple of two or more given numbers. It is used to find a common denominator before adding or subtracting fractions with unlike denominators.

A comparison of two quantities by division, written as 3 to 4, 3:4, or three quarters. It can compare a part to another part or a part to the whole.

A ratio out of one hundred. Fifty percent means 50 out of every 100, and it can also be written as the decimal 0.5 or as the fraction one half.

The agreed sequence for evaluating an expression: brackets first, then exponents, then multiplication and division from left to right, then addition and subtraction from left to right.

A letter or symbol that stands for an unknown or changing number in an expression or equation, such as n in 3n + 2. The same letter keeps the same value throughout a problem.

A mathematical phrase built from numbers, variables, and operations, such as 5x minus 7. It has no equals sign, so it can be simplified or evaluated but not solved.

A statement that two expressions have the same value, joined by an equals sign. Solving it means finding the value of the variable that keeps both sides balanced.

A description of how each term in a sequence is produced from the term before it, such as add four, or multiply by two then add one. Written as a rule, it can predict later terms.

A table listing paired input and output values that all follow one rule. Comparing the pairs helps identify the rule and predict output values that have not yet been listed.

The total distance around the outside of a two-dimensional shape, found by adding the side lengths. It is measured in units such as centimetres, not in square units.

The amount of surface a two-dimensional shape covers, measured in square units. For a rectangle it equals length multiplied by width, and for a triangle it is half of base times height.

The amount of space a three-dimensional object occupies, measured in cubic units. For a rectangular prism it equals length multiplied by width multiplied by height.

A flat pattern of connected faces that folds up to form a three-dimensional object. Nets help you find surface area by adding the areas of all the faces shown.

Two numbers written as (x, y) that locate a point on a coordinate plane, where the first number gives horizontal position and the second gives vertical position from the origin.

A move or change applied to a shape, such as a translation (slide), rotation (turn), or reflection (flip). Under these three moves the shape keeps its size and shape.

The average of a data set, found by adding all the values and dividing by how many values there are. It uses every value and is pulled strongly by unusually high or low numbers.

The middle value when a data set is arranged in order from least to greatest. When there is an even number of values, it is the mean of the two middle numbers.

The value that appears most often in a data set. A data set may have no mode, exactly one mode, or several modes when a few different values tie for most frequent.

The difference between the greatest and least values in a data set. It shows how spread out the data are and is quick to find but easily changed by one extreme value.

A number from 0 to 1 describing how likely an event is, often written as a fraction or percent. Zero means impossible, one means certain, and one half means equally likely to happen or not.