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Pre-Solo Test of Air Regulations (PSTAR) study materials
Pre-Solo Test of Air Regulations (PSTAR) study resources

Pre-Solo Test of Air Regulations (PSTAR) practice questions

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Question 1Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

Under the Canadian Aviation Regulations, what is the minimum age for a person to hold a Student Pilot Permit?

  1. 14 years Correct answer.
  2. 17 years
  3. 18 years
  4. 16 years

Explanation

CAR 401.19 sets the minimum age for a student pilot permit at 14 years. A student may then fly solo only after meeting the additional medical, knowledge, and endorsement requirements. Sixteen is the minimum age for a private pilot licence, not the student permit.

Question 2Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

Before a student pilot may fly solo, which category of medical certificate must the student hold?

  1. Category 1
  2. Category 2
  3. Category 4
  4. Category 3 Correct answer.

Explanation

CAR 401.19 requires a student pilot to hold a Category 3 medical certificate before solo flight. Category 1 is required for commercial and airline operations, and Category 2 is not a stand-alone student requirement. Category 4 is the lowest category and applies to certain other flight crew.

Question 3Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

A private pilot is planning a flight and wants to know the minimum fuel that must be carried. Under CAR 602.88, a pilot of a piston-engine aeroplane must carry enough fuel to fly to the destination and then for how long at normal cruising speed?

  1. 60 minutes
  2. 30 minutes Correct answer.
  3. 45 minutes
  4. 15 minutes

Explanation

CAR 602.88 requires a piston-engine aeroplane to carry fuel for the flight to the destination plus a 30-minute reserve at normal cruising speed. This reserve is intended to cover unforecast winds, routing changes, or holding. The 45-minute figure applies to certain other aircraft categories, not to piston aeroplanes.

Question 4Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

A pilot holds a valid Private Pilot Licence and wants to carry passengers. Which document must the pilot have in their possession or readily accessible during the flight?

  1. The aircraft maintenance release only
  2. A copy of the Canadian Aviation Regulations
  3. The pilot licence and current medical certificate Correct answer.
  4. The aircraft journey log only

Explanation

CAR 401.03 requires flight crew to hold the appropriate licence and a valid medical certificate, and these must be produced on demand. Carrying the licence and medical is the personal documentation obligation of the pilot in command. Aircraft documents are separate requirements and do not replace the pilot's own documents.

Question 5Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

Under CAR 605.03, when must an aircraft's Certificate of Airworthiness be in force for a flight to be legal?

  1. Only when flying outside Canada
  2. For every flight of the aircraft Correct answer.
  3. Only when the aircraft is rented
  4. Only when carrying passengers for hire

Explanation

CAR 605.03 prohibits operating an aircraft unless a valid flight authority, such as a Certificate of Airworthiness, is in force. This applies to every flight, whether private, recreational, or commercial. The certificate is not limited to cross-border, hire, or rental operations.

Question 6Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

A pilot is preparing for a local recreational flight and asks what minimum visibility is generally required in Class G airspace below 1,000 feet AGL in a control zone during the day. Under CAR 602.114, what minimum flight visibility applies?

  1. Two statute miles Correct answer.
  2. Five statute miles
  3. One statute mile
  4. Three statute miles

Explanation

CAR 602.114 sets a minimum flight visibility of two statute miles for VFR flight in Class G airspace below 1,000 feet AGL during the day. The pilot must also remain clear of cloud and have the surface in sight. Higher visibilities apply in controlled airspace and at night.

Question 7Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

A pilot flying VFR in Class C airspace during the day must meet which minimum distance-from-cloud requirement under CAR 602.114?

  1. 500 feet vertically and one mile horizontally
  2. 2,000 feet vertically and three miles horizontally Correct answer.
  3. 1,000 feet vertically and two miles horizontally
  4. Clear of cloud

Explanation

In controlled airspace at or above 1,000 feet AGL, VFR flight requires a distance from cloud of at least 2,000 feet vertically and three statute miles horizontally. This separation allows time to see and avoid other traffic and to remain clear of cloud. Lesser distances apply only in specified lower or uncontrolled airspace cases.

Question 8Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

A pilot intends to fly through a control zone. Under CAR 601.04, what is required before entering the control zone?

  1. A radio check only
  2. A transponder code
  3. A flight plan on file
  4. An ATC clearance Correct answer.

Explanation

CAR 601.04 requires a pilot to obtain an air traffic control clearance before entering a control zone. The clearance ensures separation from other traffic and confirms the pilot is known to ATC. A radio check, flight plan, or transponder code alone does not authorize entry.

Question 9Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

A pilot wishes to operate an aircraft within Class F restricted airspace. What is required before the flight?

  1. A flight plan filed with NAV CANADA
  2. Nothing, because Class F is advisory
  3. A special flight operations certificate
  4. A clearance from the controlling agency Correct answer.

Explanation

Class F restricted airspace prohibits flight unless the pilot obtains authorization from the agency controlling that airspace. The restrictions are published in the Designated Airspace Handbook and on aeronautical charts. A flight plan or SFOC does not by itself grant access to restricted airspace.

Question 10Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

Under CAR 602.19, when must a pilot of an aircraft operating in Canada give way to another aircraft?

  1. The aircraft being overtaken has right of way Correct answer.
  2. The aircraft with the higher altitude has right of way
  3. The faster aircraft always has right of way
  4. The aircraft on the left always has right of way

Explanation

CAR 602.19 provides that an aircraft being overtaken has the right of way, and the overtaking aircraft must keep clear. This rule mirrors the general principle that the faster, more maneuverable aircraft yields. Speed, altitude, or left-position rules do not override the overtaking rule.

Question 11Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

A pilot is on final approach to land and another aircraft is also on final approach. Under CAR 602.19, which aircraft has the right of way?

  1. The aircraft at the higher altitude
  2. The aircraft with the faster approach speed
  3. The aircraft at the lower altitude Correct answer.
  4. The aircraft that requested landing first

Explanation

CAR 602.19 gives the right of way to the aircraft at the lower altitude when two aircraft are on final approach to land. The lower aircraft is assumed to be less able to maneuver away. The higher aircraft must yield, even if it is faster or called first.

Question 12Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

A pilot is taxiing an aeroplane on an aerodrome and a vehicle is also moving on the maneuvering area. Under CAR 602.19, which has the right of way?

  1. The vehicle, because it is larger
  2. The aeroplane, because it is airborne-capable Correct answer.
  3. Whichever arrived first
  4. The vehicle, only if it is an emergency vehicle

Explanation

CAR 602.19 provides that aircraft have the right of way over vehicles on the maneuvering area, except that emergency vehicles responding to an emergency have priority. The rule protects aircraft, which have limited ability to stop or maneuver on the ground. Vehicle size or arrival order does not change the priority.

Question 13Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

Under CAR 602.19, a pilot of an aircraft that is landing or operating on the surface must give way to which of the following?

  1. An aircraft that is parked
  2. An aircraft that is in distress Correct answer.
  3. An aircraft that is taxiing
  4. An aircraft that is being refueled

Explanation

CAR 602.19 requires all aircraft to give way to an aircraft in distress. This priority reflects the emergency nature of the situation and the need to clear the way. Taxiing, parked, or refueling aircraft do not carry this priority.

Question 14Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

A pilot is planning a flight and asks about the minimum altitude rule under CAR 602.14. When flying over a built-up area, what minimum altitude must be maintained?

  1. 2,000 feet above the highest obstacle within 1 mile
  2. 1,000 feet above the highest obstacle within 2,000 feet Correct answer.
  3. 1,500 feet above the highest obstacle within 1,000 feet
  4. 500 feet above the highest obstacle within 500 feet

Explanation

CAR 602.14 requires a minimum altitude of 1,000 feet above the highest obstacle within a horizontal radius of 2,000 feet when flying over a built-up area. This protects people and property on the ground. Lower minima are permitted only for takeoff, landing, or with specific authorization.

Question 15Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

Under CAR 602.14, what minimum altitude must a pilot maintain when flying over an area that is not built up?

  1. 2,000 feet AGL
  2. 1,500 feet AGL
  3. 500 feet AGL Correct answer.
  4. 1,000 feet AGL

Explanation

CAR 602.14 sets a minimum altitude of 500 feet AGL over non-built-up areas, except where a lower altitude is necessary for takeoff or landing. The rule also requires the pilot to be able to land clear of persons and property in an emergency. The 1,000-foot figure applies to built-up areas.

Question 16Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

A pilot is flying at night and notices a steady red light on another aircraft. Under CAR 602.19, what does a steady red light indicate about the other aircraft's right of way?

  1. Neither aircraft has the right of way
  2. The light color has no bearing on right of way
  3. The other aircraft has the right of way
  4. The pilot's aircraft has the right of way Correct answer.

Explanation

Under CAR 602.19, a steady red light on another aircraft means the pilot's aircraft has the right of way, and the other aircraft must give way. The red light is seen on the left side of the other aircraft, indicating it is crossing from the pilot's right to left. The pilot should maintain course and speed.

Question 17Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

Under CAR 602.19, what does a steady green light on another aircraft indicate to the pilot at night?

  1. The pilot's aircraft has the right of way
  2. Both aircraft must alter course to the right
  3. The other aircraft is in distress
  4. The other aircraft has the right of way Correct answer.

Explanation

A steady green light on another aircraft indicates the other aircraft has the right of way, and the pilot must give way. The green light is seen on the right side of the other aircraft, meaning it is crossing from the pilot's left to right. The pilot should alter course to pass behind it.

Question 18Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

A pilot is planning a flight and wants to know the requirement for a transponder under CAR 605.35. In which situation is a transponder required?

  1. Only when flying IFR
  2. Only when flying above 12,500 feet ASL
  3. When operating in transponder-required airspace designated in the Designated Airspace Handbook Correct answer.
  4. Only when flying in Class C airspace

Explanation

CAR 605.35 requires a transponder when operating in airspace designated as transponder-required in the Designated Airspace Handbook. These areas are typically around major airports and along certain routes. The requirement is not limited to high altitude, Class C, or IFR operations.

Question 19Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

Under CAR 605.35, when must a pilot operate the transponder in Mode C?

  1. Only when flying above 10,000 feet ASL
  2. Only when requested by ATC
  3. Only during IFR flight
  4. Whenever the transponder is required and the aircraft is equipped with altitude reporting Correct answer.

Explanation

CAR 605.35 requires the transponder to be operated in Mode C, providing altitude reporting, whenever the aircraft is equipped with that capability and a transponder is required. This gives ATC altitude information for separation. Mode C is not limited to specific altitudes or IFR flight.

Question 20Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

A pilot is planning a flight and asks about the requirement for a pilot to be familiar with the aircraft's emergency procedures. Under CAR 602.60, what must a pilot ensure before flight?

  1. That the aircraft has been inspected by a maintenance engineer
  2. That the pilot is familiar with the emergency procedures and the location of emergency equipment Correct answer.
  3. That a passenger briefing has been given only if passengers are on board
  4. That a flight plan has been filed

Explanation

CAR 602.60 requires the pilot in command to ensure that they are familiar with the emergency procedures and the location of emergency equipment before flight. This prepares the pilot to act quickly in an emergency. Passenger briefings and maintenance inspections are separate requirements.

Question 21Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

Under CAR 602.60, when must a pilot in command give a passenger briefing?

  1. Only when the aircraft is pressurized
  2. Only before takeoff on a commercial flight
  3. Before takeoff whenever passengers are carried Correct answer.
  4. Only when the flight exceeds 30 minutes

Explanation

CAR 602.60 requires the pilot in command to brief passengers before takeoff whenever passengers are carried. The briefing covers the use of seat belts, emergency exits, and other safety information. It is not limited to commercial operations, long flights, or pressurized aircraft.

Question 22Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

A pilot is planning a flight and wants to know the requirement for a journey log under CAR 605.94. When must a journey log be carried on board?

  1. Only when carrying passengers
  2. On every flight Correct answer.
  3. Only when the aircraft is rented
  4. Only on flights outside Canada

Explanation

CAR 605.94 requires the journey log to be carried on board the aircraft on every flight. The journey log records flight times, fuel, and other operational data. The requirement is not limited to cross-border, passenger-carrying, or rental flights.

Question 23Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

Under CAR 401.03, what must a pilot do when requested by a peace officer or an authorized person to produce their licence and medical certificate?

  1. Produce them on demand Correct answer.
  2. Produce them within 24 hours
  3. Refuse unless the request is in writing
  4. Mail them within 48 hours

Explanation

CAR 401.03 requires a pilot to produce their licence and medical certificate on demand to a peace officer or authorized person. The documents must be available during the flight or immediately after. Written requests or delayed mailing do not satisfy this obligation.

Question 24Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

A pilot holds a Private Pilot Licence and wants to carry passengers. Under CAR 401.28, what is the minimum recent experience requirement for carrying passengers?

  1. One takeoff and landing within the preceding 6 months
  2. Five takeoffs and landings within the preceding 30 days
  3. Three takeoffs and landings within the preceding 90 days Correct answer.
  4. Two takeoffs and landings within the preceding 60 days

Explanation

CAR 401.28 requires a private pilot to have completed at least three takeoffs and landings within the preceding 90 days to carry passengers. The landings must be in the same category and class of aircraft. This currency requirement ensures the pilot's recent handling skills are maintained.

Question 25Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

A pilot is planning a flight and wants to know the requirement for a pilot to be familiar with the aircraft's weight and balance. Under CAR 605.03, what must the pilot ensure before flight?

  1. That the aircraft is loaded evenly on both sides
  2. That the aircraft is loaded within the weight and balance limits specified in the aircraft documents Correct answer.
  3. That the aircraft is loaded with at least the minimum fuel
  4. That the aircraft is loaded to the maximum gross weight

Explanation

CAR 605.03 requires the pilot to ensure the aircraft is loaded within the weight and balance limits specified in the aircraft documents. Exceeding these limits can degrade performance and handling. Loading to maximum gross weight or evenly on both sides does not by itself satisfy the requirement.

Question 26Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

A pilot holds a valid category 3 medical certificate and wants to act as pilot-in-command of an aircraft carrying passengers. Under CAR 401.03, what must the pilot hold in addition to a valid licence?

  1. A valid radio operator certificate issued by Industry Canada
  2. A valid medical certificate appropriate to the licence privileges being exercised Correct answer.
  3. A valid instructor rating issued by Transport Canada
  4. A valid aircraft type rating for the category of aircraft flown

Explanation

CAR 401.03 states that no person shall act as a flight crew member unless that person holds a valid licence and a valid medical certificate appropriate to the privileges being exercised. The medical certificate category must match the licence privileges, so a private pilot carrying passengers needs at least a category 3 medical.

Question 27Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

A private pilot's licence was issued with the privilege to fly aeroplanes. Before acting as pilot-in-command of a helicopter, what must the pilot obtain under CAR 401?

  1. An instrument rating valid for helicopters
  2. A separate licence or rating for the helicopter category Correct answer.
  3. A minimum of 100 hours of helicopter flight time
  4. A written endorsement from the aircraft owner

Explanation

Pilot licences are issued with privileges tied to specific aircraft categories, so a pilot may only exercise the privileges for which the licence is endorsed. Flying a helicopter therefore requires the appropriate category qualification on the licence. Owning hours or an owner's endorsement does not substitute for the required licence privilege.

Question 28Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

A pilot is preparing to fly and wants to confirm that the aircraft documents are on board. Under CAR 605.95, which document must be carried on board the aircraft during flight?

  1. The pilot's personal logbook
  2. The aircraft maintenance manual
  3. The certificate of airworthiness or a certified true copy Correct answer.
  4. The aircraft insurance policy

Explanation

CAR 605.95 requires that specified documents be carried on board, including the certificate of airworthiness or a certified true copy of it. The maintenance manual, personal logbook and insurance policy are not among the documents that must be carried on board under that provision.

Question 29Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

A pilot is about to depart on a flight and notices that the aircraft's annual inspection has lapsed. Under CAR 605.03, what is the effect on the flight?

  1. The aircraft may be flown only in daylight and clear of cloud
  2. The aircraft may be flown if no passengers are carried
  3. The aircraft may be flown if the pilot accepts responsibility in the journey log
  4. The aircraft may not be flown until the required maintenance is completed and the aircraft is certified Correct answer.

Explanation

CAR 605.03 prohibits operating an aircraft unless it is maintained and certified in accordance with the applicable standards. A lapsed annual inspection means the aircraft does not meet those requirements, so it may not be flown until the inspection is completed and the aircraft is returned to service.

Question 30Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

A pilot is planning a flight over water beyond gliding distance from shore and asks about the requirement for flotation equipment. Under CAR 602.62, when must the aircraft carry life preservers or other flotation devices?

  1. Only when the flight is conducted at night
  2. When the aircraft is operated over water at a distance where it could not reach shore in the event of an emergency Correct answer.
  3. Whenever the flight crosses any body of water, regardless of distance
  4. Only when passengers are on board

Explanation

CAR 602.62 requires flotation equipment when an aircraft is operated over water at a distance from shore that would prevent it from reaching land in an emergency. The requirement is based on the distance from shore, not on the presence of passengers or the time of day.

Question 31Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

A pilot is flying an aircraft that has been modified in a way that affects its operating limitations. Under CAR 605.04, what must the pilot ensure before flight?

  1. The aircraft is flown only by a licensed engineer
  2. The modification is approved by the pilot's employer
  3. The aircraft's operating limitations are revised as required and the aircraft is operated within them Correct answer.
  4. The modification is recorded only in the pilot's logbook

Explanation

CAR 605.04 requires that an aircraft be operated in accordance with its operating limitations. When a modification affects those limitations, the documentation must be revised accordingly and the pilot must operate within the revised limits.

Question 32Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

A pilot wants to carry a passenger who is not a flight crew member. Under CAR 602.60, what briefing must the pilot provide before flight?

  1. A briefing on the use of seat belts, emergency exits and emergency equipment Correct answer.
  2. A briefing on the aircraft's insurance coverage
  3. A briefing on the pilot's licence and medical validity
  4. A briefing on the aircraft's maintenance history

Explanation

CAR 602.60 requires the pilot-in-command to give passengers a briefing on the use of seat belts, emergency exits and emergency equipment before flight. The briefing is safety-oriented and does not cover maintenance, licensing or insurance details.

Question 33Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

A pilot is flying at an altitude where supplemental oxygen may be needed. Under CAR 605.31, when must oxygen be provided to the flight crew?

  1. When the cabin pressure altitude exceeds the specified threshold for the duration of the flight Correct answer.
  2. Only when the flight exceeds four hours
  3. Only when passengers are on board
  4. Only when flying at night

Explanation

CAR 605.31 sets out the circumstances in which supplemental oxygen must be provided to flight crew, based on cabin pressure altitude and the time spent at that altitude. The requirement is tied to altitude and exposure time, not to flight duration in general, passengers or night operations.

Question 34Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

A pilot is operating at an aerodrome without an operating control tower and wants to know the correct radio procedure. Under CAR 602.98, what is the pilot required to do?

  1. File an IFR flight plan
  2. Make the required radio calls on the appropriate frequency to announce position and intentions Correct answer.
  3. Obtain a clearance from the aerodrome operator
  4. Contact the nearest air traffic control unit before every flight

Explanation

At aerodromes without an operating control tower, CAR 602.98 requires pilots to make the specified radio calls on the appropriate frequency to announce position and intentions. No ATC clearance or aerodrome operator clearance is available or required in that environment.

Question 35Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

A pilot is planning a flight and wants to know when a flight plan or flight itinerary is required under CAR 602.73. Which situation requires one?

  1. A flight of less than 30 minutes duration
  2. A flight conducted entirely within Class G airspace below 1,000 feet AGL
  3. A local flight that remains within the aerodrome traffic circuit
  4. A flight that will operate beyond 25 nautical miles from the departure aerodrome Correct answer.

Explanation

CAR 602.73 requires a flight plan or flight itinerary for flights that will operate beyond 25 nautical miles from the departure aerodrome, among other circumstances. Local circuit flights and short flights within that radius do not trigger the requirement on distance alone.

Question 36Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

A pilot is planning a cross-country flight and wants to know the fuel reserve requirement under CAR 602.88 for a day VFR flight in a piston-powered aeroplane. What minimum fuel must be carried?

  1. Enough fuel to fly to the destination and then for 30 minutes at normal cruising speed Correct answer.
  2. Enough fuel to fly to the destination and then for 60 minutes at normal cruising speed
  3. Enough fuel to fly to the destination and then for 45 minutes at normal cruising speed
  4. Enough fuel to reach the destination only

Explanation

For day VFR operations in a piston-powered aeroplane, CAR 602.88 requires enough fuel to fly to the destination and then for 30 minutes at normal cruising speed. The reserve increases for night VFR and IFR operations, but the day VFR reserve is 30 minutes.

Question 37Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

A pilot is preparing to fly an aircraft that has a maximum takeoff weight above the limit for the licence held. Under CAR 401, what must the pilot do before acting as pilot-in-command?

  1. Notify the nearest air traffic control unit
  2. Complete an additional 50 hours of flight time
  3. Obtain the appropriate licence or rating that authorizes the higher weight category Correct answer.
  4. Fly with a more experienced pilot on board

Explanation

The privileges attached to a pilot licence are limited by aircraft weight and category, so flying an aircraft above the licensed limit requires the appropriate licence or rating. Carrying another pilot or logging additional hours does not extend the privileges of the licence.

Question 38Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

A pilot is reviewing the aircraft's weight and balance before a flight. Under CAR 605.03, what must the pilot confirm regarding the aircraft's loading?

  1. The aircraft's weight is below the maximum takeoff weight only
  2. The passengers are seated according to their ticket numbers
  3. The aircraft's weight and centre of gravity are within the limits specified in the aircraft documentation Correct answer.
  4. The centre of gravity is within limits only for the landing configuration

Explanation

CAR 605.03 requires that an aircraft be operated within the weight and balance limitations set out in its documentation. Both weight and centre of gravity must be within limits for the entire flight, not merely at takeoff or landing.

Question 39Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

A pilot is operating at a controlled aerodrome and receives an instruction from the tower. Under CAR 602.31, what is the pilot's obligation regarding that instruction?

  1. Comply only if the instruction matches the pilot's planned route
  2. Comply only after confirming the instruction in writing
  3. Ignore the instruction if it conflicts with the flight plan
  4. Comply with the instruction unless doing so would compromise safety, in which case the pilot must advise ATC Correct answer.

Explanation

CAR 602.31 requires pilots to comply with air traffic control instructions, while preserving the pilot's ultimate responsibility for safety. If compliance would endanger the aircraft, the pilot must advise ATC and obtain an amended instruction.

Question 40Air law and regulations: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) applicable to private and recreational pilots

A pilot is planning a flight and wants to know the requirement for a pilot to be familiar with the aircraft's emergency procedures. Under CAR 602.60, what must the pilot-in-command ensure before flight?

  1. That the passengers have signed a liability waiver
  2. That the flight has been announced on the aerodrome frequency
  3. That the aircraft has been washed within the previous 30 days
  4. That the pilot is familiar with the aircraft's emergency procedures and equipment Correct answer.

Explanation

CAR 602.60 requires the pilot-in-command to be familiar with the aircraft's emergency procedures and equipment before flight. This knowledge underpins the passenger briefing and the ability to respond to an emergency.

Question 41Licensing and medical fitness requirements for student pilots

Under Canadian aviation regulations, what is the minimum age for a person to be issued a Student Pilot Permit?

  1. 18 years
  2. 16 years Correct answer.
  3. 17 years
  4. 14 years

Explanation

A Student Pilot Permit may be issued to a person who is at least 16 years of age. The permit must be signed by a flight instructor and is valid only while the holder is under the supervision of that instructor or another authorized instructor.

Question 42Licensing and medical fitness requirements for student pilots

Before a student pilot may fly solo in an aircraft, which document must the student hold and carry?

  1. A Commercial Pilot Licence
  2. A valid Private Pilot Licence
  3. A Flight Engineer Certificate
  4. A Student Pilot Permit Correct answer.

Explanation

Solo flight is authorized under a Student Pilot Permit issued by Transport Canada, which the student must hold and carry while flying. The permit is validated by the signature of the supervising instructor.

Question 43Licensing and medical fitness requirements for student pilots

A student pilot's permit is validated for solo flight by which of the following?

  1. A medical examiner's stamp
  2. A Transport Canada inspector's signature on each flight
  3. Payment of the annual licensing fee
  4. The signature of a flight instructor Correct answer.

Explanation

A Student Pilot Permit becomes valid for solo flight only when a qualified flight instructor signs it, certifying that the student is competent to fly solo. The instructor's authorization is what converts the permit into solo privileges.

Question 44Licensing and medical fitness requirements for student pilots

For solo flight, a student pilot must hold a Category 3 medical certificate. What is the maximum validity period of that certificate for a person under 40 years of age?

  1. 24 months
  2. 36 months Correct answer.
  3. 60 months
  4. 12 months

Explanation

A Category 3 medical certificate is valid for 36 months for a person who has not yet reached 40 years of age. After age 40, the validity drops to 24 months, and after age 60 to 12 months.

Question 45Licensing and medical fitness requirements for student pilots

A pilot who holds a Category 3 medical certificate and has reached 40 years of age must renew that certificate at what interval to remain fit for solo flight?

  1. Every 12 months
  2. Every 36 months
  3. Every 48 months
  4. Every 24 months Correct answer.

Explanation

For holders aged 40 through 59, a Category 3 medical certificate is valid for 24 months. The interval shortens to 12 months once the holder reaches age 60.

Question 46Licensing and medical fitness requirements for student pilots

Which medical certificate category is the minimum required for a student pilot to fly solo?

  1. Category 3 Correct answer.
  2. Category 4
  3. Category 1
  4. Category 2

Explanation

A student pilot exercising solo privileges must hold at least a Category 3 medical certificate. Category 1 is required for airline and commercial operations, and Category 2 for certain other flight crew functions.

Question 47Licensing and medical fitness requirements for student pilots

A student pilot who has been prescribed a new medication that may impair alertness should do which of the following before flying solo?

  1. Consult a civil aviation medical examiner before flying Correct answer.
  2. Fly only if the dose is below the label maximum
  3. Self-assess and fly if feeling alert
  4. Wait one hour after taking the medication

Explanation

Any condition or medication that could affect fitness to fly must be assessed by a civil aviation medical examiner before flight. Self-assessment or arbitrary waiting periods do not satisfy the requirement to ensure the pilot is fit.

Question 48Licensing and medical fitness requirements for student pilots

A student pilot experiences a brief episode of dizziness during a ground briefing. What is the appropriate action regarding flying solo that day?

  1. Fly with an instructor on board instead
  2. Do not fly, and report the condition for medical assessment Correct answer.
  3. Fly only a short circuit to test fitness
  4. Fly if the dizziness has passed before engine start

Explanation

A pilot must not act as pilot-in-command while suffering from any condition that might impair the safe operation of the aircraft. Unexplained dizziness requires grounding and medical follow-up rather than a test flight.

Question 49Licensing and medical fitness requirements for student pilots

What is the minimum age to be issued a Private Pilot Licence in Canada?

  1. 16 years
  2. 18 years
  3. 17 years Correct answer.
  4. 21 years

Explanation

A Private Pilot Licence may be issued to a person who is at least 17 years of age. A student may begin training and solo earlier, but the licence itself is not issued until the applicant reaches 17.

Question 50Licensing and medical fitness requirements for student pilots

A student pilot is planning the first solo flight. Which statement correctly describes the instructor's role?

  1. The instructor may authorize the solo by telephone after the flight
  2. The student may self-authorize the first solo once training is complete
  3. The instructor's endorsement remains valid for all future aircraft types
  4. The instructor must endorse the student's logbook and permit before the solo Correct answer.

Explanation

Before solo flight the instructor must certify the student's competence in the student's logbook and sign the Student Pilot Permit. This written endorsement is what authorizes the solo flight.