CARN flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Biopsychosocial model
- A framework that considers biological, psychological, and social factors as interacting to cause and maintain addiction.
- Stage of Change model
- A model describing readiness to change: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination.
- Harm reduction
- An approach that aims to reduce negative consequences of substance use without requiring abstinence.
- Mesolimbic dopamine pathway
- The brain reward circuit from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens; activated by addictive drugs.
- Partial agonist
- A drug that binds to and activates a receptor but produces a lower maximal response than a full agonist, e.g., buprenorphine.
- GABA and NMDA effects of alcohol
- Alcohol enhances GABA-A (inhibitory) and inhibits NMDA (excitatory) receptors; chronic use causes opposite adaptations.
- AUDIT-C
- A 3-item alcohol screening tool; scores of 4 or more for men and 3 or more for women indicate hazardous drinking.
- DSM-5 substance use disorder
- A diagnosis requiring at least 2 of 11 criteria in 12 months; severity is mild, moderate, or severe.
- SBIRT
- Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment; a public health approach for substance use in healthcare settings.
- CIWA-Ar
- Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol, revised; a 10-item scale to assess alcohol withdrawal severity and guide treatment.
- Thiamine in alcohol withdrawal
- Vitamin B1 given to prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy; administer before or with glucose.
- Delirium tremens
- Severe alcohol withdrawal with confusion, hallucinations, autonomic instability; a medical emergency occurring 48-96 hours after last drink.
- ASAM Criteria
- Six-dimensional assessment tool to determine appropriate level of care for substance use disorder treatment.
- Motivational interviewing
- A collaborative, goal-oriented counseling style using open questions, affirmations, reflections, and summaries to strengthen motivation.
- Contingency management
- A behavioral therapy that provides tangible rewards for verified abstinence, effective for stimulant use disorder.
- Methadone
- A full opioid agonist used for opioid use disorder; dispensed only through SAMHSA-certified opioid treatment programs.
- Buprenorphine
- A partial opioid agonist with a ceiling effect on respiratory depression; can be prescribed in office-based settings.
- Naltrexone
- An opioid antagonist used for opioid and alcohol use disorder; requires an opioid-free period to avoid precipitated withdrawal.
- Acamprosate
- A medication for alcohol use disorder that helps maintain abstinence; dosed 666 mg three times daily; renal dose adjustment needed.
- Integrated treatment
- Simultaneous treatment of co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders by the same team.
- Substance-induced disorder
- Psychiatric symptoms caused by substance use that resolve with abstinence, unlike independent disorders.
- Injection drug use complications
- Include endocarditis, abscesses, cellulitis, and blood-borne infections such as HIV and hepatitis C.
- Relapse prevention
- A cognitive-behavioral approach to identify high-risk situations and develop coping skills to maintain abstinence.
- Abstinence violation effect
- The phenomenon where a lapse leads to a full relapse due to feelings of guilt and loss of control.
- Recovery capital
- The total resources (social, physical, human, cultural) that support a person's recovery from substance use disorder.
- CRAFT
- Community Reinforcement and Family Training; teaches family members to change contingencies to encourage treatment entry.
- Codependency
- Maladaptive caregiving patterns that enable substance use and are addressed in family therapy.
- Al-Anon
- A mutual-help group for family members and friends of individuals with alcohol use disorder.
- 42 CFR Part 2
- Federal confidentiality rule for substance use disorder records; stricter than HIPAA; requires written consent for disclosure.
- Duty to warn
- The obligation to breach confidentiality if a client threatens serious harm to an identifiable person.
- Naloxone
- An opioid antagonist that reverses overdose; administered intranasally or intramuscularly and repeated as needed.
- Needle exchange program
- A harm reduction service providing sterile injection equipment to reduce transmission of blood-borne infections.