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Question 1Customs broker regulations, licensing, and broker responsibilities (19 CFR Part 111)
Under 19 CFR Part 111, what must a person obtain before transacting customs business on behalf of others?
- A power of attorney signed by the importer
- A customs bond filed with the port director
- A customs broker license issued by CBP Correct answer.
- A corporate surety's certificate of authority
Explanation
19 CFR 111.2 provides that no person may conduct customs business without a valid customs broker license. A power of attorney authorizes representation of a particular client but does not license the representative, and a bond is a financial guarantee rather than a credential.
Question 2Customs broker regulations, licensing, and broker responsibilities (19 CFR Part 111)
What is the minimum passing score on the CBP customs broker license examination?
- 70 percent
- 75 percent Correct answer.
- 85 percent
- 80 percent
Explanation
Applicants for an individual broker license must pass the written examination administered by CBP, and the passing score is 75 percent. Scores either side of that figure have no basis in Part 111.
Question 3Customs broker regulations, licensing, and broker responsibilities (19 CFR Part 111)
For how long must a licensed broker retain records relating to customs business?
- One year
- Ten years
- Five years Correct answer.
- Three years
Explanation
Part 111 requires brokers to keep records of customs business for five years and to make them available to CBP upon request. Retention for shorter periods does not satisfy the rule.
Question 4Customs broker regulations, licensing, and broker responsibilities (19 CFR Part 111)
Which of the following may hold a customs broker license?
- Only a corporation or limited liability company
- An individual, partnership, association, or corporation Correct answer.
- Only a natural person
- Any person who passes the examination, except a partnership
Explanation
Part 111 allows a license to be issued to an individual, a partnership, an association, or a corporation. Entity applicants must meet additional qualifying requirements, such as having a licensed broker among their officers or members.
Question 5Customs broker regulations, licensing, and broker responsibilities (19 CFR Part 111)
How often must a licensed broker file a status report with CBP?
- Every three years Correct answer.
- Every five years
- Every year
- Only when the license is first issued
Explanation
Each licensed broker must file a triennial status report with CBP, stating whether it is still engaged in customs business. The obligation continues for as long as the license is held.
Question 6Customs broker regulations, licensing, and broker responsibilities (19 CFR Part 111)
Before filing an entry on behalf of a new importer, a broker must obtain from the importer:
- a certified copy of the importer's business license
- a written fee agreement
- a certified copy of the importer's charter
- a valid power of attorney Correct answer.
Explanation
A broker must hold a valid power of attorney from the client before transacting customs business on the client's behalf, because the power of attorney evidences the agency relationship. Other commercial documents do not confer authority to act before CBP.
Question 7Customs broker regulations, licensing, and broker responsibilities (19 CFR Part 111)
A broker license by itself does not authorize the holder to transact customs business; the broker must also obtain:
- a national permit Correct answer.
- a leased office in each district
- a supply chain security certification
- a surety bond
Explanation
A license establishes that the holder is qualified, but the broker must also obtain a national permit before transacting customs business. The permit is the operating authorization that accompanies the license.
Question 8Customs broker regulations, licensing, and broker responsibilities (19 CFR Part 111)
Which activity constitutes customs business requiring a broker license when performed for another person?
- Transporting merchandise in bond between ports
- Storing imported goods in a bonded warehouse
- Preparing and filing a drawback claim Correct answer.
- Unloading cargo at a marine terminal
Explanation
Customs business covers transactions with CBP concerning entry, classification, valuation, and the refund, rebate, or drawback of duties. Physical handling of merchandise, such as storage, bonded carriage, and terminal operations, falls outside the definition.
Question 9Customs broker regulations, licensing, and broker responsibilities (19 CFR Part 111)
An importer's own employee prepares and files the importer's entry documents. Is a broker license required?
- No, because the work is for the importer's own account Correct answer.
- Yes, because filing an entry is always customs business
- No, because entry documents are not customs business
- Yes, unless the employee passes the broker examination
Explanation
The definition of customs business excludes activities a person performs for its own account, so an importer's employee may prepare and file the importer's own documents without a license. The same work performed for another person would require a license.
Question 10Customs broker regulations, licensing, and broker responsibilities (19 CFR Part 111)
An unlicensed person transacts customs business for compensation. What civil penalty may CBP assess for each violation?
- $50,000
- Up to $10,000 Correct answer.
- $25,000
- $1,000
Explanation
19 CFR 111.3 authorizes a civil penalty of up to $10,000 for each violation committed by a person who conducts customs business without a license. Separate criminal exposure and injunctive relief are also available to the government.
Question 11Customs broker regulations, licensing, and broker responsibilities (19 CFR Part 111)
Which factor is most relevant to whether a broker exercises responsible supervision and control over its customs business?
- The broker's advertising budget
- The broker's membership in a trade association
- The volume and complexity of entries handled by staff Correct answer.
- The number of years the broker has held a permit
Explanation
Responsible supervision and control is judged on operational factors such as the volume and complexity of the work, the number and experience of employees, and the degree of oversight actually exercised. Marketing, tenure, and association membership do not measure supervision.
Question 12Customs broker regulations, licensing, and broker responsibilities (19 CFR Part 111)
To be licensed, a corporation that transacts customs business must:
- have at least one officer who is a licensed broker Correct answer.
- employ at least five licensed brokers
- maintain an office in every customs port
- be wholly owned by licensed brokers
Explanation
An entity applicant must be qualified by a licensed broker who is an officer or member actively engaged in the business. There is no requirement that owners be brokers, that a set number of brokers be employed, or that offices be maintained everywhere.
Question 13Customs broker regulations, licensing, and broker responsibilities (19 CFR Part 111)
A licensed broker has stopped transacting customs business but wishes to keep the license. What must the broker do?
- Notify the surety and post a new bond
- Surrender the license and reapply later
- File the triennial report declaring it is no longer active Correct answer.
- Continue filing entry summaries to keep the license active
Explanation
The triennial status report must be filed even by brokers who have ceased transacting customs business, and the report is where the broker states that it is no longer active. Surrender is unnecessary, and filing entries solely to appear active would itself be improper.
Question 14Customs broker regulations, licensing, and broker responsibilities (19 CFR Part 111)
A broker fails to file the required triennial status report. What is the consequence under Part 111?
- The broker must retake the licensing examination
- CBP issues a warning letter and allows 60 days to cure
- The license and permit are revoked by operation of law Correct answer.
- The broker's entries are liquidated at a higher rate
Explanation
Failure to file the triennial report results in revocation of the broker's license and permit by operation of law, without the ordinary disciplinary process. CBP gives notice of the revocation.
Question 15Customs broker regulations, licensing, and broker responsibilities (19 CFR Part 111)
A broker's client's entry information is requested by a competitor of the client. Under Part 111 the broker should:
- refuse to disclose it without the client's consent Correct answer.
- release it because entry data are public records
- refer the competitor to CBP's public reading room
- release it if the competitor pays the copying fee
Explanation
Information a broker obtains in the course of customs business is confidential and may not be disclosed to third parties without the client's consent, except as required by law or by CBP. A competitor's request carries no such authority.
Question 16Customs broker regulations, licensing, and broker responsibilities (19 CFR Part 111)
A non-licensed employee of a licensed broker negligently misclassifies merchandise on an entry. Who is responsible under Part 111?
- Only the employee, personally
- No one, because the entry was filed electronically
- The broker, who is responsible for the acts of its employees Correct answer.
- Only the importer, since the importer signs the entry
Explanation
A broker is answerable to CBP for the customs business its employees perform, so the broker bears responsibility for errors in filings made on its behalf. The manner of transmission does not shift that responsibility.
Question 17Customs broker regulations, licensing, and broker responsibilities (19 CFR Part 111)
Which of the following is a ground on which CBP may suspend or revoke a broker's license?
- Hiring an additional licensed broker
- Refusing to accept a new client
- Changing the broker's business address
- A false statement in the license application Correct answer.
Explanation
CBP may suspend or revoke a license for cause, including false statements in the application, violations of customs law, and failure to comply with Part 111. Ordinary business decisions are not disciplinary grounds.
Question 18Customs broker regulations, licensing, and broker responsibilities (19 CFR Part 111)
Which statement about a customs broker license is correct?
- It is not transferable to another person Correct answer.
- It may be bequeathed to the broker's estate
- It may be pledged to a lender as collateral
- It may be sold to another qualified person with CBP approval
Explanation
A license is issued to the named licensee and is not transferable or assignable; a successor must qualify for its own license. The license is a personal credential rather than an item of property.
Question 19Customs broker regulations, licensing, and broker responsibilities (19 CFR Part 111)
Unlicensed staff of a broker may perform customs business only when:
- the client consents in writing
- the staff member has passed the broker examination
- the entries are valued under $2,500
- a licensed broker supervises the work Correct answer.
Explanation
Unlicensed employees may handle customs business only under the responsible supervision and control of a licensed broker. Client consent, passing the examination, or the value of the shipment does not itself authorize the work.
Question 20Customs broker regulations, licensing, and broker responsibilities (19 CFR Part 111)
CBP requests copies of entries a broker filed three years ago. The broker must:
- decline, because three years have elapsed
- make the records available to CBP on request Correct answer.
- provide them only after a subpoena is issued
- provide them only if the client authorizes release
Explanation
Records of customs business must be kept for five years and made available to CBP upon request, so three-year-old entries are still within the retention period. Neither client consent nor a subpoena is a precondition to a CBP request.
Question 21Customs broker regulations, licensing, and broker responsibilities (19 CFR Part 111)
Following an administrative law judge's decision revoking a broker's license, a broker may appeal next to:
- the CBP Commissioner Correct answer.
- the Secretary of the Treasury
- the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
- the port director
Explanation
An adverse decision by an administrative law judge may be appealed to the CBP Commissioner, whose decision is then subject to judicial review in the Court of International Trade. Review does not run directly to the Federal Circuit.
Question 22Customs broker regulations, licensing, and broker responsibilities (19 CFR Part 111)
A corporation holding a broker's license is revoked by CBP. The individual who qualified the corporation also holds a personal broker license. What is the effect on the individual's license?
- It is automatically revoked as well
- It is suspended until the corporation is relicensed
- It converts to a permit for the corporation's port
- It remains valid as a separate individual license Correct answer.
Explanation
An entity license and an individual license are distinct credentials, so revoking the corporation's license does not by itself affect the qualifying officer's personal license. The individual may not, however, continue transacting business through an unlicensed corporation.
Question 23Customs broker regulations, licensing, and broker responsibilities (19 CFR Part 111)
Which statement about a national permit held by a licensed broker is correct?
- It authorizes customs business at all ports nationwide Correct answer.
- It authorizes business only where the broker maintains an office
- It expires annually unless renewed by the port director
- It must be reissued separately for each customs port
Explanation
A national permit allows the broker to transact customs business at any port nationwide, replacing the older system of separate district permits. The broker is not limited to locations where it keeps an office.
Question 24Customs broker regulations, licensing, and broker responsibilities (19 CFR Part 111)
A broker with three offices staffed mostly by unlicensed employees claims supervision is the responsibility of each office manager. Under Part 111:
- the broker remains responsible for supervising every office Correct answer.
- supervision is satisfied by annual training sessions
- only the office in the broker's home port requires supervision
- each office manager assumes the duty if the staff is trained
Explanation
The duty of responsible supervision and control rests with the licensed broker and cannot be shifted to unlicensed managers. CBP evaluates supervision across the broker's entire operation, not just one location.
Question 25Entry of merchandise: entry process, entry summary, bonds, and surety requirements (19 CFR Parts 113, 141-143)
Within how many days after the arrival of a vessel must entry of its merchandise be filed?
- 15 calendar days Correct answer.
- 30 calendar days
- 5 calendar days
- 10 calendar days
Explanation
19 CFR 142.2 requires that entry be filed within 15 calendar days after the vessel's arrival, or after the merchandise's arrival if it comes by another mode. If entry is not timely filed, the merchandise may be taken into general order custody.
Question 26Entry of merchandise: entry process, entry summary, bonds, and surety requirements (19 CFR Parts 113, 141-143)
Which CBP form is used to file an entry summary?
- CBP Form 3461
- CBP Form 7533
- CBP Form 7501 Correct answer.
- CBP Form 301
Explanation
The entry summary is filed on CBP Form 7501 and shows classification, value, duty computation, and related entry data. It is ordinarily filed within 10 working days after the entry.
Question 27Entry of merchandise: entry process, entry summary, bonds, and surety requirements (19 CFR Parts 113, 141-143)
Which form serves as the entry manifest for merchandise arriving by vessel?
- CBP Form 7501
- CBP Form 7533 Correct answer.
- CBP Form 3461
- CBP Form 301
Explanation
For vessel shipments, the entry manifest is filed on CBP Form 7533 and identifies the vessel, the merchandise, and the entry being made. It is distinct from the entry summary filed later on Form 7501.
Question 28Entry of merchandise: entry process, entry summary, bonds, and surety requirements (19 CFR Parts 113, 141-143)
An entry is filed on a Monday. Within what period must the entry summary ordinarily be filed?
- 15 calendar days after the entry date
- 30 calendar days after the entry date
- 5 calendar days after the entry date
- 10 working days after the entry date Correct answer.
Explanation
Under 19 CFR 142.3, the entry summary must be filed within 10 working days after the date of entry, together with deposit of estimated duties, taxes, and fees. The working-day measure excludes weekends and holidays.
Question 29Entry of merchandise: entry process, entry summary, bonds, and surety requirements (19 CFR Parts 113, 141-143)
What is the minimum amount of a continuous importation bond?
- $10,000
- $25,000
- $100,000
- $50,000 Correct answer.
Explanation
A continuous bond must be at least $50,000, and is generally set at 10 percent of the duties, taxes, and fees paid by the importer during the prior calendar year. Importers without that payment history are commonly required to post at least the minimum.
Question 30Entry of merchandise: entry process, entry summary, bonds, and surety requirements (19 CFR Parts 113, 141-143)
Who is eligible to make entry of merchandise as importer of record?
- The owner, purchaser, or consignee of the merchandise Correct answer.
- The vessel carrier that transported the goods
- Any licensed customs broker acting for a client
- The foreign manufacturer of the goods
Explanation
19 CFR 141.11 allows entry to be made by the owner or purchaser of the merchandise, or by a consignee authorized to act for the owner, or by an authorized agent. A broker acting under a power of attorney may file, but it cannot itself be the importer of record unless it owns or purchases the goods.
Question 31Entry of merchandise: entry process, entry summary, bonds, and surety requirements (19 CFR Parts 113, 141-143)
Merchandise that is not entered within the 15-day period is normally:
- Forfeited to the U.S. government immediately
- Sent to a general order warehouse Correct answer.
- Returned to the foreign exporter at CBP expense
- Sold at public auction the next business day
Explanation
Unentered merchandise is taken into custody and placed in a general order warehouse under 19 CFR Part 127. Sale or other disposition may follow if the goods remain unentered, but that does not occur immediately.
Question 32Entry of merchandise: entry process, entry summary, bonds, and surety requirements (19 CFR Parts 113, 141-143)
A corporate surety writing customs bonds must be certified by which body?
- The state insurance commissioner
- The U.S. Department of Commerce
- U.S. Customs and Border Protection
- The U.S. Department of the Treasury Correct answer.
Explanation
Treasury certifies acceptable corporate sureties and publishes them in Treasury Department Circular 570. CBP accepts bonds only from sureties holding the required Treasury certification and sufficient underwriting limitation.
Question 33Entry of merchandise: entry process, entry summary, bonds, and surety requirements (19 CFR Parts 113, 141-143)
An importer paid $800,000 in duties, taxes, and fees during the prior calendar year. What is the minimum amount of its continuous bond?
- $8,000
- $80,000 Correct answer.
- $50,000
- $800,000
Explanation
A continuous bond is generally set at 10 percent of the duties, taxes, and fees paid during the prior calendar year, subject to a $50,000 floor. Ten percent of $800,000 is $80,000, which exceeds the floor.
Question 34Entry of merchandise: entry process, entry summary, bonds, and surety requirements (19 CFR Parts 113, 141-143)
An importer wants a customs broker to file entries on its behalf. What is required?
- A written power of attorney executed by the importer Correct answer.
- A CBP Form 7501 signed by the broker
- A surety bond naming the broker as principal
- A verbal authorization confirmed by email
Explanation
A broker may transact customs business for an importer only under a written power of attorney executed by the importer. The power of attorney defines the scope of the broker's authority to file entries and related documents.
Question 35Entry of merchandise: entry process, entry summary, bonds, and surety requirements (19 CFR Parts 113, 141-143)
Merchandise entered for warehouse may remain in the bonded warehouse without payment of duties for up to:
- 2 years
- 3 years
- 1 year
- 5 years Correct answer.
Explanation
Under 19 CFR Part 144, warehoused merchandise may remain in a bonded warehouse for up to 5 years from the date of importation. Duties are paid when the goods are withdrawn for consumption.
Question 36Entry of merchandise: entry process, entry summary, bonds, and surety requirements (19 CFR Parts 113, 141-143)
Merchandise entered temporarily under bond (TIB) may remain in the United States for up to:
- 5 years
- 2 years
- 6 months
- 1 year Correct answer.
Explanation
A TIB entry under 19 CFR Part 143 allows goods to remain for up to 1 year, with extensions available in appropriate cases. The merchandise must be exported or destroyed before the bond period expires unless a proper entry for consumption is made.
Question 37Entry of merchandise: entry process, entry summary, bonds, and surety requirements (19 CFR Parts 113, 141-143)
Estimated duties, taxes, and fees on an entry are ordinarily deposited:
- Within 45 days after the entry is filed
- At the time the entry summary is filed Correct answer.
- Only after CBP issues a bill for duties
- At the time of liquidation
Explanation
The entry summary filed on CBP Form 7501 must be accompanied by deposit of the estimated duties, taxes, and fees shown on it. Liquidation later fixes the final amount, and any difference is billed or refunded.
Question 38Entry of merchandise: entry process, entry summary, bonds, and surety requirements (19 CFR Parts 113, 141-143)
CBP releases merchandise, then determines that it is inadmissible and demands its return. Which bond condition is involved?
- Production of documents
- Redelivery of merchandise Correct answer.
- Custodial bond conditions
- International carrier bond conditions
Explanation
The basic importation and entry bond includes a condition that the principal redeliver merchandise on demand when release was improper or the goods are found inadmissible. Failure to redeliver can result in a claim for liquidated damages.
Question 39Entry of merchandise: entry process, entry summary, bonds, and surety requirements (19 CFR Parts 113, 141-143)
A continuous bond, once approved, covers:
- All entries made during the bond period at any port Correct answer.
- Only entries made in the first quarter of the year
- Only entries of merchandise valued under $2,500
- Only entries at the port where the bond was filed
Explanation
A continuous bond provides coverage for all entries made by the importer during the bond period, at any port of entry. This distinguishes it from a single transaction bond, which covers only one entry.
Question 40Entry of merchandise: entry process, entry summary, bonds, and surety requirements (19 CFR Parts 113, 141-143)
Which number is normally used as the importer of record number for a business importer?
- The importer's employer identification number Correct answer.
- The broker's customs license number
- The carrier's SCAC code
- The surety's Treasury certification number
Explanation
A business importer of record is identified by its employer identification number, while an individual may use a social security number. The broker, carrier, and surety identifiers belong to those other parties, not to the importer.
Question 41Entry of merchandise: entry process, entry summary, bonds, and surety requirements (19 CFR Parts 113, 141-143)
Which document is ordinarily required to be filed with an entry?
- A bill of lading alone
- A commercial invoice Correct answer.
- A packing list alone
- A certificate of origin for every shipment
Explanation
19 CFR Part 141 requires a commercial invoice for most entries because it supplies the facts CBP needs to classify and value the goods. Other documents may be required depending on the merchandise, but the invoice is the core documentary requirement.
Question 42Entry of merchandise: entry process, entry summary, bonds, and surety requirements (19 CFR Parts 113, 141-143)
CBP must ordinarily liquidate an entry within how many days after the entry date?
- 314 days Correct answer.
- 90 days
- 365 days
- 180 days
Explanation
Under 19 CFR 159.11, liquidation occurs within 314 days after the date of entry unless the period is lawfully extended. If CBP does not act within the applicable period, the entry is deemed liquidated.
Question 43Entry of merchandise: entry process, entry summary, bonds, and surety requirements (19 CFR Parts 113, 141-143)
If a required entry document is unavailable when entry is filed, the importer may ordinarily:
- Pay double the estimated duties instead
- Wait six months before filing the entry
- Post a bond to produce the missing document later Correct answer.
- File a protest with the port director
Explanation
CBP regulations allow entry to proceed when a required document is missing if the importer posts a bond conditioned on producing the document within a set time. Failure to produce it can lead to liquidated damages under the bond.
Question 44Entry of merchandise: entry process, entry summary, bonds, and surety requirements (19 CFR Parts 113, 141-143)
The liability of a surety on a customs bond is:
- Only after the principal is adjudged bankrupt
- Enforceable only with the principal's consent
- Joint and several with the principal Correct answer.
- Limited to 50 percent of the bond amount
Explanation
A customs bond is a contract under which the principal and the surety are jointly and severally liable up to the bond amount. CBP may seek payment from the surety without first exhausting remedies against the principal.
Question 45Entry of merchandise: entry process, entry summary, bonds, and surety requirements (19 CFR Parts 113, 141-143)
CBP determines that an importer's continuous bond no longer adequately protects the revenue. CBP may:
- Require the importer to post additional security Correct answer.
- Require new entry summaries for past entries
- Automatically liquidate all unliquidated entries
- Cancel all future entries by the importer
Explanation
When the bond amount becomes insufficient relative to the importer's duty exposure, CBP may require additional security, such as an increased bond. CBP does not respond to bond insufficiency by cancelling entry privileges outright or re-writing past summaries.
Question 46Entry of merchandise: entry process, entry summary, bonds, and surety requirements (19 CFR Parts 113, 141-143)
Which of the following is a condition of the basic importation and entry bond?
- Maintaining a licensed customs broker
- Filing a protest within 180 days of liquidation
- Posting a separate bond at every port of entry
- Paying all duties, taxes, and fees due Correct answer.
Explanation
19 CFR 113.62 lists the conditions of the basic importation and entry bond, including payment of duties, taxes, and fees, production of documents, redelivery of merchandise, and compliance with customs laws. Hiring a broker, protesting, and filing port-by-port bonds are not bond conditions.
Question 47Entry of merchandise: entry process, entry summary, bonds, and surety requirements (19 CFR Parts 113, 141-143)
A licensed customs broker may serve as importer of record only when:
- It is the owner or purchaser of the merchandise Correct answer.
- It holds a valid customs broker license
- The importer gives it a written power of attorney
- It files a single entry bond for the shipment
Explanation
Entry rights belong to the owner, purchaser, or consignee of the merchandise, and a broker acting as agent files on behalf of that party. A broker becomes the importer of record in its own right only when it owns or purchases the goods.
Question 48Entry of merchandise: entry process, entry summary, bonds, and surety requirements (19 CFR Parts 113, 141-143)
An importer fails to file a required entry summary. What is CBP's likely action?
- Issue a demand for the summary and seek liquidated damages under the bond Correct answer.
- Cancel the importer's bond without further liability
- Liquidate the entry automatically as filed with no further action
- Waive the duties on the merchandise
Explanation
Failure to file the entry summary within the required period breaches the bond conditions. CBP may demand the missing summary and assess liquidated damages, and the importer remains liable for the duties owed.
Question 49Entry of merchandise: entry process, entry summary, bonds, and surety requirements (19 CFR Parts 113, 141-143)
If CBP does not liquidate an entry within the required period and no lawful extension applies, the entry is:
- Deemed liquidated as entered Correct answer.
- Void and the merchandise must be exported
- Liquidated at the highest applicable duty rate
- Liquidated at the rate proposed by the surety
Explanation
Under 19 CFR 159.11, an entry not liquidated within 314 days or any lawful extension is deemed liquidated at the value, classification, and rate of duty asserted at the time of entry. The importer then owes duties on that basis.
Question 50Entry of merchandise: entry process, entry summary, bonds, and surety requirements (19 CFR Parts 113, 141-143)
Except for merchandise that is prohibited from informal entry, merchandise may generally be entered informally when its value does not exceed:
- $10,000
- $2,500 Correct answer.
- $250
- $800
Explanation
Under 19 CFR Part 143, informal entry is generally available for merchandise valued at $2,500 or less (excluding classes of merchandise that may not be entered informally). Informal entry uses a simplified procedure and does not carry the same bond and entry summary requirements as a formal entry.