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Question 1Capture
In a document imaging workflow, which statement best describes the purpose of a capture step?
- It converts paper or digital source files into a usable electronic image or data stream. Correct answer.
- It replaces the need for any indexing metadata.
- It only applies to documents that are already born-digital.
- It permanently deletes the source document after scanning.
Explanation
Capture is the entry point of the imaging lifecycle: it transforms physical pages or native digital files into an electronic representation that later stages can index, store, and retrieve. It does not remove the need for metadata, and it applies to both paper and born-digital sources.
Question 2Capture
A scanner advertises an optical resolution of 300 x 300 dpi. What does the second value in that specification represent?
- The color bit depth available at that setting.
- The number of scan lines the sensor captures per inch in the feed direction. Correct answer.
- The maximum paper width the automatic feeder can accept.
- The speed of the scanner in pages per minute.
Explanation
Optical resolution is expressed as horizontal samples per inch by vertical lines per inch; the vertical figure reflects how many scan lines the sensor array records per inch as the page moves past it. Paper width, bit depth, and throughput are separate specifications and are not part of the resolution pair.
Question 3Capture
Which capture method is most appropriate for a bound book whose pages cannot be flattened against a platen?
- A flatbed scanner pressed firmly against the spine.
- A sheet-fed scanner with a straight-through paper path.
- A business-card scanner fed one page at a time.
- Overhead or planetary scanning that photographs the page from above. Correct answer.
Explanation
Overhead and planetary scanners image the page from a distance, so a bound volume can be supported at a safe opening angle without forcing the spine flat. Sheet-fed devices require loose sheets, and pressing a flatbed against a bound spine risks damage to the binding.
Question 4Capture
A capture operator is scanning a batch of invoices that contain both typed fields and handwritten notes. Which capability lets the system extract the handwritten content as characters?
- Intelligent character recognition applied to the handwritten regions. Correct answer.
- Deskewing of the scanned page image.
- Optical mark recognition tuned to the checkbox zones.
- Barcode recognition of the invoice number.
Explanation
Intelligent character recognition is designed to interpret hand-printed or cursive characters, whereas optical character recognition targets machine-printed text. Mark recognition reads filled positions such as checkboxes, and deskew only straightens the image geometry.
Question 5Capture
What is the primary function of a document feeder's separation pad or retard roller?
- To increase the scanner's color bit depth.
- To compress the output image file.
- To align the scanned image to the page edges.
- To allow only one sheet at a time to enter the scan path. Correct answer.
Explanation
Separation pads and retard rollers create friction that holds back trailing sheets so a single page passes into the transport at a time, which prevents multifeeds. Bit depth, file compression, and image alignment are handled elsewhere in the capture process.
Question 6Capture
An organization wants the smallest possible file size for scanned text pages while keeping the text legible. Which output choice best fits that goal?
- Grayscale images at 600 dpi with no compression.
- Color images saved with lossless compression only.
- Bi-tonal (black and white) images at a resolution suited to text. Correct answer.
- 24-bit color images at the highest available resolution.
Explanation
Bi-tonal capture stores only one bit per pixel, so text-only pages compress to very small files while remaining readable at appropriate resolution. Color and grayscale images carry far more data per pixel and produce larger files even with compression.
Question 7Capture
Why is a calibration target typically scanned during capture setup?
- To test whether the network connection is active.
- To establish a reference for color and tone so output is consistent across devices. Correct answer.
- To measure how many pages per minute the feeder can process.
- To record the operator's identity in the audit log.
Explanation
A calibration target provides known color and density patches, letting the system build a profile that keeps output consistent between scanners and over time. Throughput, operator identity, and connectivity are verified through other means.
Question 8Capture
During quality control, an operator finds a faint vertical line running the full length of every scanned page from one batch. What is the most likely cause?
- An expired retention schedule for the batch.
- Debris or a scratch on the scanner glass or sensor array. Correct answer.
- Incorrect index field mapping in the capture software.
- A missing barcode on the separator sheet.
Explanation
A repeatable line at the same position on every page points to a physical obstruction or defect along the optical path, such as dust on the glass or a damaged sensor element. Indexing, barcode, and retention issues would not produce a consistent optical artifact.
Question 9Capture
A capture project must preserve the exact appearance of signed contracts, including ink color and stamps. Which setting combination is most appropriate?
- Color capture at a resolution high enough to render fine detail. Correct answer.
- Bi-tonal capture at low resolution to minimize storage.
- Color capture at the lowest available resolution.
- Grayscale capture with aggressive lossy compression.
Explanation
Preserving ink color and stamp detail requires color capture, and fine features such as signatures and seals need sufficient resolution to remain distinguishable. Reducing to bi-tonal or grayscale discards color information, and low resolution loses fine detail.
Question 10Capture
What distinguishes intelligent document recognition from simple optical character recognition in a capture workflow?
- It stores images without applying any recognition.
- It eliminates the need for any scanning hardware.
- It only works on handwritten text and ignores printed text.
- It classifies the document type and routes extracted data to the right process. Correct answer.
Explanation
Intelligent document recognition adds classification and extraction logic on top of character recognition, so the system can identify what kind of document arrived and send the data to the correct downstream process. Plain OCR returns text without that classification and routing layer.
Question 11Capture
A capture operator notices that pages are arriving in the output with content slightly rotated and with black borders along the edges. Which post-scan processing steps address these two issues?
- Barcode recognition for the rotation and OCR for the edges.
- Deskew for the rotation and border removal or cropping for the edges. Correct answer.
- Index validation for the rotation and file naming for the edges.
- Color calibration for the rotation and compression for the edges.
Explanation
Deskew algorithms detect and correct small rotations, while border removal or cropping trims the dark margins created when the page edge falls inside the scan area. Recognition, calibration, and indexing operate on content or metadata rather than on geometric cleanup.
Question 12Capture
An operator scanning double-sided forms wants to confirm that the back side of each sheet is captured. Which feeder setting should be enabled?
- Multifeed detection override.
- Duplex scanning mode. Correct answer.
- Page-size auto-detection.
- Simplex scanning mode.
Explanation
Duplex mode images both sides of a sheet in a single pass, which is required when back-side content must be captured. Simplex mode captures only the front, while multifeed override and page-size detection address different feeder behaviors.
Question 13Capture
A capture team must ensure that a scanned image is a trustworthy representation of the original record. Which practice most directly supports that goal?
- Applying documented capture settings and logging any image alteration. Correct answer.
- Allowing each operator to choose personal settings without documentation.
- Compressing images with the highest available lossy ratio.
- Deleting the original paper immediately after the first scan.
Explanation
Trustworthiness depends on consistent, documented capture parameters and an audit trail of any post-capture alteration, so the image can be shown to reflect the source. Undocumented individual settings, premature destruction, and heavy lossy compression all undermine that assurance.
Question 14Capture
Which statement correctly describes the relationship between optical resolution and interpolated resolution?
- Interpolated resolution comes from the sensor, while optical resolution is generated by software.
- Both values are determined solely by the sensor array.
- Both values are determined solely by the compression algorithm.
- Optical resolution comes from the sensor, while interpolated resolution is generated by software. Correct answer.
Explanation
Optical resolution is the true sampling capability of the sensor, whereas interpolated resolution is produced by software estimating additional pixels between sampled ones. Interpolation cannot add real detail, so it should not be relied on to justify higher capture quality.
Question 15Capture
A batch of forms uses a patch code on a separator sheet between documents. What is the purpose of that patch code during capture?
- To encrypt the scanned image files.
- To signal the scanner or software to start a new document in the batch. Correct answer.
- To measure the color accuracy of the scanner.
- To record the operator's login time.
Explanation
Patch codes are read during scanning to mark document boundaries so the software can split a continuous batch into separate documents automatically. They carry no encryption, calibration, or authentication function.
Question 16Capture
Why might a capture workflow apply OCR to a scanned image before storing it?
- To replace the need for a document index entirely.
- To create a searchable text layer that supports retrieval and downstream data use. Correct answer.
- To increase the scanner's optical resolution.
- To reduce the physical storage needed for the image pixels.
Explanation
OCR generates a machine-readable text layer, often stored alongside the image, that enables full-text search and feeds data extraction. It does not shrink the image data, remove the need for indexing, or change the scanner's physical sampling capability.
Question 17Capture
A capture operation receives a mix of clean typed pages and low-contrast carbon-copy forms. What is the most defensible approach to capture settings?
- Use the lowest possible resolution for every page to save space.
- Apply heavy lossy compression to the carbon copies only.
- Define separate profiles for each document class rather than one setting for all. Correct answer.
- Scan everything as bi-tonal at the highest speed available.
Explanation
Different document classes have different legibility demands, so a profile per class lets clean typed pages use efficient settings while low-contrast forms get the enhancement and resolution they need. A single lowest-common setting would degrade the difficult forms.
Question 18Capture
What does multifeed detection accomplish in a production scanner?
- It assigns index values to each scanned page.
- It converts color images to bi-tonal output.
- It automatically increases the scan resolution for dense pages.
- It stops or flags the batch when more than one sheet passes through together. Correct answer.
Explanation
Multifeed detection uses ultrasonic or thickness sensing to identify when multiple sheets enter the transport at once, preventing pages from being missed. Resolution, color conversion, and indexing are separate functions.
Question 19Capture
A records manager wants proof that a scanned image has not been altered since capture. Which capture-related control best provides that assurance?
- Recording a hash value of the image file at the time of capture. Correct answer.
- Relying on the operator's memory of the scan session.
- Storing the image in a folder that any user can edit.
- Renaming the file with the scan date only.
Explanation
A cryptographic hash computed at capture creates a fixed reference; recomputing it later reveals any change to the file. Open edit access, informal recollection, and date-only naming provide no verifiable evidence of integrity.
Question 20Capture
Which factor most directly limits the effective resolution achieved when scanning a document through a cover sheet or glass that is not in full contact with the page?
- The size of the index field in the database.
- The color temperature of the room lighting.
- Loss of focus and optical interference at the gap between page and sensor path. Correct answer.
- The retention period assigned to the record.
Explanation
When the page is not held flat against the imaging plane, the optical path loses focus and can pick up reflections or shadows, reducing effective sharpness regardless of the nominal dpi setting. Room lighting, index field size, and retention do not determine optical sharpness.
Question 21Capture
A capture workflow must handle a high volume of similar, well-structured forms where fixed zones contain typed data. Which approach is most efficient and reliable?
- Full manual transcription of each page into a free-text note.
- Manual keying of every field without any automated extraction.
- Template-based zone OCR with validation rules on the extracted fields. Correct answer.
- Scanning at bi-tonal low resolution and skipping extraction.
Explanation
When form layout is stable, template-based zone OCR targets known field locations and validation rules catch implausible values, which is far more efficient than manual keying. Manual transcription and skipping extraction discard the benefits of automation.
Question 22Capture
An operator reports that a scanner produces acceptable images at the start of a shift but progressively lighter images later in the day. Which explanation is most consistent with that pattern?
- An increase in the retention period of stored records.
- A network bandwidth drop during the afternoon.
- Lamp warm-up or aging effects altering illumination over the run. Correct answer.
- A change in the document index schema mid-shift.
Explanation
Gradual lightening across a shift points to the illumination source, such as lamp warm-up behavior or aging that reduces output intensity, which calibration may need to compensate for. Index schema, network bandwidth, and retention do not change image density.
Question 23Capture
A capture project must decide between storing only a compressed derivative image and storing both the derivative and the uncompressed capture master. Which consideration most strongly favors retaining the master?
- The derivative cannot be displayed without the master.
- The master is always smaller than the derivative.
- The master preserves full detail for future reprocessing and evidentiary needs. Correct answer.
- The master eliminates the need for any index metadata.
Explanation
Retaining the uncompressed master keeps all captured detail available for later reprocessing, re-derivation at different quality levels, or evidentiary challenges, while the derivative serves routine access. Masters are larger, not smaller, and do not remove indexing requirements.
Question 24Capture
A capture operation wants to reduce keying errors on numeric fields such as invoice totals. Which control is most effective within the capture workflow?
- Storing images in a shared folder with open write access.
- Increasing scanner throughput so more pages are processed per hour.
- Removing all index fields to simplify the process.
- Applying field-level validation rules and confidence thresholds that route doubtful reads to review. Correct answer.
Explanation
Validation rules check extracted values against expected formats and ranges, and confidence thresholds send uncertain reads to human review, catching errors before they enter the system. Throughput, open storage access, and removing fields do nothing to improve data accuracy.
Question 25Capture
A team scans a batch of pages at 200 dpi and later finds that small footnote text is unreadable, though the same pages were legible on paper. Which corrective action best addresses the root cause?
- Convert the existing images to grayscale to sharpen them.
- Apply stronger lossy compression to the existing images.
- Reduce the bit depth of the existing images.
- Rescan at a higher resolution chosen for the smallest text to be captured. Correct answer.
Explanation
Small text requires enough sampling density to render fine strokes; if 200 dpi cannot resolve the footnotes, the capture must be redone at a resolution selected for the smallest characters. Post-hoc compression, color conversion, or bit-depth reduction cannot recover detail that was never sampled.
Question 26Capture
In a capture workflow, which document characteristic most directly determines whether OCR is likely to succeed on a scan?
- The physical weight of the paper stock used for the original
- The number of staples removed before scanning
- The presence of machine-printed text with consistent fonts and good contrast Correct answer.
- The color of the folder the batch is stored in
Explanation
OCR engines rely on recognizable character shapes, so machine-printed text with consistent fonts and strong contrast between ink and background is the strongest predictor of accurate recognition. Paper weight, staple removal, and batch storage do not affect character recognition once a usable image exists.
Question 27Capture
A capture operator must choose a color mode for scanning invoices that contain highlighted amounts and red vendor stamps. Which choice preserves those distinguishing features?
- Halftone dithering
- 8-bit grayscale
- 24-bit color Correct answer.
- 1-bit bitonal
Explanation
Color information such as highlighters and red stamps is only retained when the capture device records multiple color channels, which 24-bit color provides. Bitonal, grayscale, and dithered outputs collapse or discard hue information.
Question 28Capture
What is the primary purpose of a document separator sheet in a batch capture operation?
- To calibrate the scanner's white balance automatically
- To provide a backup copy of the first page
- To clean the scanner rollers between pages
- To signal document boundaries so the workflow can split the batch into individual records Correct answer.
Explanation
Separator sheets are inserted between documents so that capture software can detect boundaries and index each document separately. They are not cleaning, calibration, or backup devices.
Question 29Capture
A capture project requires that each scanned image be traceable to the operator and scanner that produced it. Which metadata practice supports this requirement?
- Deleting metadata after indexing to save storage
- Embedding the image in a proprietary viewer format only
- Recording operator ID, device ID, and capture timestamp with each image Correct answer.
- Renaming files with sequential numbers only
Explanation
Audit traceability requires capturing who scanned the image, on which device, and when, so those attributes must be stored as metadata alongside the image. Removing metadata or using bare sequential filenames destroys that evidence.
Question 30Capture
Which statement best describes the role of image deskew in a capture workflow?
- It removes blank pages from the batch
- It increases the scanner's optical resolution
- It converts color images to bitonal output
- It rotates a slightly tilted scan so text lines become horizontal for downstream processing Correct answer.
Explanation
Deskew detects the angle of a skewed page and rotates the image so text baselines align horizontally, which improves OCR and forms processing. It does not change resolution, color depth, or page count.
Question 31Capture
A capture team wants to reduce the chance that a torn page is fed through the scanner and causes a jam. Which preparation step addresses this most directly?
- Switching the output to grayscale
- Inspecting and repairing or removing damaged originals before scanning Correct answer.
- Increasing the scan resolution to 600 dpi
- Enabling automatic color detection
Explanation
Physical damage must be handled before the paper enters the transport; repairing tears or scanning fragile pages in a carrier prevents jams and further damage. Resolution, color mode, and color detection affect image output, not paper handling.
Question 32Capture
In capture terminology, what does a batch typically represent?
- A compression standard for image storage
- A group of documents scanned and processed together as a unit Correct answer.
- A scanner's maximum daily duty cycle
- A single character recognized by the OCR engine
Explanation
A batch is the working unit of documents that are prepared, scanned, and released together through the capture pipeline. It is not a character, a hardware rating, or a compression format.
Question 33Capture
Which capture output format is most appropriate when a workflow needs a fixed-layout image that renders consistently across viewers without embedded text?
- CSV
- TIFF Correct answer.
- XML
- JSON
Explanation
TIFF is a raster image format that preserves the page appearance and renders consistently in compliant viewers. CSV, XML, and JSON are structured data formats that do not store page images.
Question 34Capture
A capture supervisor notices that OCR confidence scores are consistently low on one form type while other forms in the same batch score well. What is the most useful first diagnostic step?
- Disable OCR for all forms in the batch
- Reduce the batch size for the whole day
- Inspect sample images of that form type for skew, speckle, or low contrast Correct answer.
- Replace the scanner's rollers immediately
Explanation
When only one form type underperforms, the cause is usually specific to those images, such as skew, noise, or poor contrast, so reviewing samples isolates the problem before any hardware or workflow change. Replacing hardware or disabling OCR treats symptoms without evidence.
Question 35Capture
A capture operation must index documents by a barcode printed on each cover page. Which capability is essential in the scanning software?
- Handwriting recognition for signatures
- Automatic language translation of the page text
- Optical mark recognition for shaded checkboxes
- Barcode recognition that reads the symbology and returns the value for indexing Correct answer.
Explanation
Indexing from a printed barcode requires the software to decode that symbology and pass the decoded value to the index field. OMR, signature recognition, and translation address different tasks.
Question 36Capture
During capture, an operator must decide whether to scan a delicate historical ledger in a flatbed or through an automatic document feeder. Which consideration should drive the decision?
- The file naming convention used downstream
- The scanner's rated pages-per-minute speed
- The color of the ledger's cover
- Physical condition of the binding and pages and the risk of damage in a feeder Correct answer.
Explanation
Fragile bindings and brittle pages can be torn or creased by feeder transport, so physical condition is the deciding factor and a flatbed or overhead method is safer. Throughput, naming, and cover color are secondary or irrelevant to preservation risk.
Question 37Capture
A capture workflow applies automatic orientation detection. What problem does this primarily solve?
- Duplicate documents in a batch are removed
- Large images are compressed for storage
- Pages fed upside down or sideways are rotated so text reads in the correct orientation Correct answer.
- Faded text is darkened so it becomes readable
Explanation
Orientation detection identifies the direction of text on the page and rotates the image so it reads correctly, which matters when mixed orientations enter a batch. Fading correction, deduplication, and compression are separate functions.
Question 38Capture
A capture team must ensure that handwritten annotations on a form are captured as searchable text. Which approach is most appropriate?
- Apply handwriting recognition to the annotation zones and route low-confidence results for review Correct answer.
- Convert the page to bitonal and rely on standard OCR
- Store the page as CSV to preserve the handwriting
- Apply barcode recognition to the annotation areas
Explanation
Handwriting requires a recognition engine trained for handwritten input, and because accuracy varies, low-confidence results should be reviewed. Barcode recognition, bitonal conversion with standard OCR, and CSV storage do not convert handwriting to searchable text.
Question 39Capture
An operator finds that a batch of scans shows a repeating gray band near one edge of every page. Which cause is most likely?
- An overly large batch size
- Incorrect barcode symbology on the cover sheet
- A missing index field in the capture profile
- Debris or a sensor artifact in the scanner's imaging path at that position Correct answer.
Explanation
A defect that appears at the same location on every page points to the scanner itself, such as dust, a scratched glass, or a sensor artifact, rather than to document content or workflow settings. Indexing and batch size cannot produce a fixed-position band.
Question 40Capture
What is the purpose of image cleanup settings such as despeckle and border removal in a capture workflow?
- To increase the optical resolution of the scanner
- To remove scanner noise and black edges so the image is cleaner for OCR and viewing Correct answer.
- To convert the document to a different language
- To add watermarks for authenticity
Explanation
Despeckle removes isolated noise pixels and border removal crops the dark edges caused by scanning beyond the page, both of which improve OCR accuracy and display quality. These operations do not change optical resolution, add watermarks, or translate content.
Question 41Capture
A capture manager must choose between scanning at 300 dpi and 600 dpi for a project containing small printed serial numbers. Which reasoning is most defensible?
- The choice has no effect on OCR accuracy for small print
- 300 dpi is always sufficient because OCR ignores resolution
- 600 dpi eliminates the need for any quality control
- 600 dpi captures finer detail for small print but increases file size and processing time Correct answer.
Explanation
Higher sampling captures more detail from small characters, improving recognition, but produces larger files and slower processing, so the decision is a tradeoff. Claiming 300 dpi is always sufficient or that 600 dpi removes the need for QC ignores known limitations.
Question 42Capture
A capture workflow needs to confirm that every page of a multi-page document was scanned in the correct order. Which control is most effective?
- Disabling separator sheet detection
- Scanning all pages at the lowest possible resolution
- Storing images without any metadata
- Printing and reading sequential page numbers or barcodes on each page Correct answer.
Explanation
Machine-readable sequence markers let the workflow verify that pages arrive in order and that none are missing. Lower resolution, disabled separators, and absent metadata all reduce the ability to validate completeness and order.
Question 43Capture
What does image cropping accomplish during capture when a page is scanned on a larger platen?
- It sharpens blurred text using interpolation
- It removes the surrounding background so the output image contains only the document area Correct answer.
- It converts the image to a searchable PDF
- It encrypts the image for transmission
Explanation
Cropping trims the extraneous background captured around the page so the stored image matches the document boundaries. Sharpening, encryption, and searchable PDF creation are distinct operations.
Question 44Capture
A capture team must process a batch where some documents are single-sided and others are double-sided, and blank backs should not be stored. Which combination of features is most appropriate?
- Duplex scanning with color detection disabled
- Duplex scanning with blank page detection enabled Correct answer.
- Simplex scanning at maximum resolution
- Simplex scanning with all backs discarded manually
Explanation
Duplex scanning captures both sides so no double-sided content is missed, and blank page detection removes the empty backs automatically. Simplex scanning would lose the reverse side of two-sided documents.
Question 45Capture
An operator must scan a stack of forms that includes carbonless multi-part sets. What capture consideration is most important?
- Increasing the scanner's rated speed to its maximum
- Disabling all image cleanup to save time
- Scanning only the top ply and discarding the rest
- Ensuring each ply is separated and scanned so no copy is missed or duplicated Correct answer.
Explanation
Multi-part sets contain distinct copies that may each need to be captured, so plies must be separated and accounted for to avoid missing or duplicating content. Maximizing speed or disabling cleanup does not address completeness, and discarding plies loses records.
Question 46Capture
A capture project must guarantee that a scanned page image is linked to the correct document index values. Which practice best supports this linkage?
- Using random file names for each image
- Indexing documents days later from memory
- Assigning index values at the point of scan or through verified barcode-driven indexing tied to the image Correct answer.
- Storing index values in a separate spreadsheet with no cross-reference
Explanation
Tying index values to the image at capture, or deriving them from a verified barcode on the page, keeps the association reliable and auditable. Delayed or unlinked indexing and random naming invite mismatches.
Question 47Capture
A capture operation must handle a batch containing pages of widely varying background darkness, from white bond to gray cardstock. Which approach best maintains OCR accuracy across the batch?
- Convert all pages to color without binarization
- Apply adaptive binarization that adjusts the threshold per page or region Correct answer.
- Use one fixed global threshold for the entire batch
- Increase batch size to average out the differences
Explanation
Adaptive binarization computes thresholds locally so pages with different background brightness are each rendered with clear text, whereas a single global threshold will fail on at least some pages. Color conversion and batch size do not solve threshold selection.
Question 48Capture
A capture team discovers that OCR errors cluster on characters like O and 0, I and 1, and S and 5 in account numbers. Which control most directly reduces downstream impact?
- Storing images only in grayscale
- Increasing scanner speed to process more pages per hour
- Applying field-level validation rules and dictionary checks to numeric fields before release Correct answer.
- Removing all confidence scores from the output
Explanation
Confusable character pairs are best handled by validating numeric fields against expected patterns and checks, catching substitutions before data is released. Speed, removing confidence data, and grayscale storage do not correct the substitutions.
Question 49Capture
A capture workflow must support later verification that a stored image matches the page originally scanned. Which combination of controls is most defensible?
- Retaining an unaltered master image plus a hash value and capture log Correct answer.
- Overwriting the master after indexing to save space
- Relying on the operator's verbal assurance
- Storing only a heavily compressed derivative with no log
Explanation
An unaltered master preserves the original capture, and a hash plus capture log allows later comparison to detect alteration. Derivatives, overwriting, or informal assurances provide no verifiable evidence.
Question 50Capture
A capture manager is designing QC sampling for a large batch. Which sampling strategy gives the strongest evidence that the whole batch meets quality standards?
- Skipping QC when the scanner is new
- Random sampling across operators, scanners, and document types with defined acceptance criteria Correct answer.
- Inspecting only the first ten pages of the batch
- Inspecting only pages the operator believes are problematic
Explanation
Random samples drawn across the sources of variation, judged against explicit criteria, support defensible conclusions about the batch as a whole. Convenience or self-selected samples bias the result and cannot support batch-level claims.