Facharzt FMH Hals-Nasen-Ohren - independent subject foundations key terms
Facharzt FMH Hals-Nasen-Ohren - independent subject foundations · Get comfortable with the vocabulary.
- Conductive hearing loss
Reduced transmission through the external or middle ear that requires interpretation alongside cochlear function and the actual hearing-test limitations.
- Sensorineural hearing loss
A hearing deficit involving cochlear or neural mechanisms, characterized using appropriate testing rather than inferred from a single symptom.
- Carhart notch
An apparent bone-conduction threshold change associated with altered ossicular mechanics, classically assessed around two kilohertz in stapes fixation.
- Tympanometry
Measurement of middle-ear acoustic behavior across pressure changes, useful for assessing mechanics but not a direct test of cochlear function.
- Cholesteatoma
A keratinizing epithelial process in an abnormal middle-ear or temporal-bone location that can erode structures and cause important complications.
- Vestibular syndrome
A clinical pattern classified through timing, triggers and associated findings before selection of the appropriate examination and differential.
- Ostiomeatal complex
A region involved in drainage and ventilation of several anterior sinonasal compartments, interpreted with the actual individual anatomy.
- Onodi cell
A posterior ethmoid anatomical variant with important potential relationships to the optic nerve and adjacent skull-base structures.
- Nasoseptal flap
A vascularized reconstructive tissue option used in selected endonasal defects, with planning based on the actual pedicle, site and defect.
- Glottic insufficiency
Inadequate glottic closure that can affect voice or airway protection, assessed with the relevant structural and functional examination.
- Vocal-fold immobility
Reduced or absent movement that can arise through neural or mechanical mechanisms and does not alone prove one specific nerve injury.
- Stroboscopy
An examination technique that can help assess aspects of vocal-fold vibration and mucosal-wave behavior under the relevant phonatory conditions.
- Depth of invasion
A disease-specific pathological measurement contributing to certain primary-tumor staging frameworks, distinct from greatest surface dimension alone.
- Extranodal extension
Tumor spread beyond the nodal capsule or boundary, interpreted within the actual primary-site staging and treatment framework.
- Selective neck dissection
A neck operation preserving one or more lymph-node groups ordinarily removed in a classic comprehensive dissection, with actual levels specified.
- Modified radical neck dissection
A comprehensive levels-I-through-V dissection preserving specified nonlymphatic structures, whose exact subtype depends on which structures remain.
- Perineural invasion
Tumor involvement along a nerve-related pathway that can influence local assessment, treatment planning and the need for follow-up.
- Thyroglossal tract
An embryological pathway relevant to certain midline neck cysts and their anatomical relationship with the hyoid and tongue base.
- Septal hematoma
A collection associated with the nasal septum that can jeopardize cartilage and requires appropriate prompt recognition and management.
- Reconstructive ladder
A framework for considering closure and tissue-replacement options without assuming that every defect must progress through an identical sequence.