Gebäudehüllen-Meister/in HFP key terms

The coordinated connection of relevant layers and interfaces intended to manage water under the actual roof design and exposure.

A designed alternative water discharge route whose capacity and safe destination require actual project verification rather than a guessed dimension.

A roof arrangement placing relevant insulation above the waterproofing layer, with system-specific loading, drainage and moisture considerations.

An action tending to lift roof or facade components, requiring an actual load path and designed attachment or ballast.

The suitability of adjacent membranes, adhesives, seams and accessories as a specified system rather than merely similar product labels.

The planned safe means to inspect, clean, repair and replace relevant components while preserving required building functions.

An enclosure arrangement separating external cladding from an inner protected assembly through a designed drained and ventilated cavity.

Photovoltaic components integrated with a building-enclosure function, requiring both electrical and relevant structural/weather performance to be coordinated.

A designed restraint location controlling a panel’s reference position, coordinated with other supports and its specified movement accommodation.

A designed support allowing specified movement while transferring relevant forces under the actual panel and fixing system.

A lower-conductivity component reducing a particular heat-flow bridge without automatically eliminating all thermal or moisture risks.

A stated rate of change of a PV quantity with cell temperature under a specified model, not an annual yield guarantee.

A defined opposition to heat flow in the supplied model, calculated from thickness and conductivity for an appropriate homogeneous layer.

A localized pathway of different heat transfer at a junction or material interruption, requiring actual geometry and assembly assessment.

The route by which actions are transmitted through members, connections and supports to the ground under the actual design conditions.

A specified part of a building assembly managing a relevant moisture route, whose continuity and connections matter beyond the visible finish.

Resistance to unintended air leakage through the relevant enclosure, distinct from deliberately provided suitable ventilation for the building’s actual needs.

The suitability of interacting materials under the intended load, moisture, movement and exposure conditions, not simply similarity of appearance.

The output level at which total revenue equals total cost, so neither profit nor loss is made. It is found by dividing fixed costs by contribution per unit and helps assess risk and required sales volume.

Selling price per unit minus variable cost per unit. It shows how much each sale adds towards covering fixed costs and then generating profit, and is used in break-even and decision calculations.

The difference between current or planned output and the break-even quantity. It measures how far sales can fall before a loss is made, so a larger margin indicates lower risk.

A projection of cash inflows and outflows over a period, showing the expected closing cash balance each month. It highlights likely shortfalls so finance can be arranged in advance, but depends on estimate accuracy.

Current assets less current liabilities under the stated definitions. It is a net balance, not necessarily cash immediately available, because inventory and receivables may take time to convert into money.

The ability of a business to meet short-term debts as they fall due, often measured by the current ratio and acid-test ratio. It concerns cash timing rather than profitability.

Gross profit divided by revenue, expressed as a percentage. It shows how much of each sales pound remains after cost of sales and reflects pricing and direct cost control.

Net profit after all expenses divided by revenue, expressed as a percentage. It shows the overall profitability of sales and is affected by overheads and interest as well as direct costs.

The proportion of a firm's capital employed financed by long-term debt, often expressed as a percentage. High gearing raises interest commitments and financial risk but can increase returns to shareholders.

Falls in long-run average cost as the scale of the enterprise expands, potentially through specialization, purchasing or technical advantages. This differs from merely spreading fixed cost by raising utilization of an unchanged plant.

Rises in average cost per unit as output grows beyond an optimal level, caused by communication problems, poor coordination and lower staff motivation. They limit the benefits of very large-scale operations.

Actual output expressed as a percentage of maximum possible output. High utilisation spreads fixed costs but leaves little slack for unexpected orders; low utilisation wastes resources.