Swiss Category A Theory cheat sheet

Right-hand traffic: keep as far right as practicable; riding abreast is limited to two motorcycles side by side, and only when it does not obstruct others.

Priority at junctions without signs: yield to traffic from the right (rechtsvortritt); this rule is suspended where a sign, signal or a priority road changes it.

Turning left: yield to oncoming traffic going straight or turning right; turning right: yield to pedestrians and cyclists crossing the road you enter.

Motorcycles may filter past standing queues only slowly and with a large lateral gap; crossing a solid centre line to do so is prohibited.

Legal blood-alcohol limit for motorcyclists is 0.50 g/kg (0.05 %); for learners and professional drivers 0.10 g/kg, with zero tolerance under 20 for alcohol and drugs.

A pillion passenger requires a proper seat, footrests and a helmet; the rider must hold the licence category for the machine and the passenger must be at least the legally defined minimum age.

Helmet use is compulsory for rider and pillion; the helmet must be type-approved and fastened.

Motorways (Autobahn/Autobahn) are closed to motorcycles under 250 cc and to learners without the required category; mopeds and e-bikes are excluded.

Danger signs are triangular with red border on white ground; regulatory signs are circular - red ring = prohibition, blue ground = mandatory direction.

Priority road sign is a yellow diamond with white border; it ends with the same sign struck through, after which the yield-to-right rule applies again.

Stop sign (octagon, 'STOP') requires a full stop at the stop line, not merely slowing; give-way sign (inverted triangle) requires yielding without necessarily stopping.

Solid white centre line: no crossing; broken line: may be crossed for overtaking when visibility and space allow. Double broken/solid combinations: the line nearest you governs.

Pedestrian crossings (zebra) are marked by broad longitudinal stripes; stopping or parking on them is prohibited and pedestrians have priority once they step on.

Traffic lights: flashing amber permits proceeding only if no danger; a dark or defective signal falls back to signposted or right-hand priority rules.

Blue circular signs with a white bicycle or motorcycle indicate a compulsory path for that user group; other vehicles must keep off.

Direction arrows on the carriageway bind the lane choice; a lane marked with a left-turn arrow may not be used to go straight.

Braking distance grows with the square of speed: doubling speed quadruples braking distance; total stopping distance = reaction distance + braking distance.

Reaction distance in metres ≈ (speed in km/h ÷ 10) × 3 for a one-second reaction; braking distance on dry asphalt ≈ (speed ÷ 10)² metres.

Tyre minimum tread depth for motorcycles is 1.6 mm across the main tread; check pressure cold and adjust for load and pillion.

Front brake provides the majority of braking force (roughly 70–80 %) as weight transfers forward; the rear brake stabilises and is used for low-speed control.

Chain slack, brake fluid level, brake pad thickness, lights, horn and tyre condition form the daily pre-ride check; a worn chain or glazed pads reduce control.

ABS prevents wheel lock-up and keeps steering control; on a machine without ABS, brake progressively and avoid grabbing the front lever on slippery surfaces.

Protective clothing: helmet, certified jacket and trousers with impact protectors, gloves, boots - abrasion resistance and impact damping are the functions, not warmth.

Load must be secured and evenly distributed; overloading changes geometry, lengthens braking distance and can exceed the permitted axle load.

Countersteering: at speeds above roughly 20 km/h, pushing the right bar forward leans the machine right; steering input is the primary lean control.

Cornering line: brake before the bend, set entry speed, look through the curve to the exit, and open the throttle smoothly once the lean angle is stable.

Target fixation on a hazard pulls the machine toward it; the corrective rule is to look where you want to go, not at the obstacle.

Emergency braking: squeeze the front lever progressively to load the front tyre, apply the rear brake lightly, keep the machine upright and the bars straight.

Slow-speed control uses rear brake and clutch friction zone with the body upright; dragging the rear brake stabilises a tight U-turn.

Grip reserve: on a leaning machine, braking and acceleration consume the same tyre grip as cornering; avoid abrupt inputs mid-corner.

Group riding: staggered formation, keep a two-second gap to the rider ahead, and never ride beside a machine in the same lane through bends.

Use a two-second following distance in dry conditions, at least double in rain and four times on ice or snow; count the time between the vehicle ahead passing a fixed point and your own arrival.

Scan 12–15 seconds ahead and check mirrors every 5–8 seconds; the far scan gives time to plan, the near scan gives escape options.

Ride in a visible position: avoid a car's blind spot beside the door pillar and never stay alongside a heavy vehicle - its mirrors leave large dead zones.

Anticipate the three commonest collision causes: a car turning across your path, a car pulling out of a side road, and a car emerging from a driveway.

Cover the brakes and reduce speed when approaching hidden junctions, crests, bus stops and parked rows where a pedestrian or vehicle may emerge.

Wet road hazards: painted markings, manhole covers, tram rails and diesel spills offer far less grip; cross them upright and without braking.

Fatigue and alcohol both lengthen reaction time; a break every two hours and hydration are the operational countermeasures on long rides.

Overtaking a two-wheeler requires at least 1 m lateral clearance in built-up areas and 1.5 m outside them; the same clearance protects cyclists you pass.

Never overtake at pedestrian crossings, at level crossings, or where visibility is limited by a crest or bend.

At a pedestrian crossing, stop if someone is waiting with the clear intention to cross; do not wave others through in a way that conflicts with the rules.

Trams and buses have limited braking ability and large blind spots; give way when they signal departure from a stop.

Lane splitting between moving traffic is not permitted; in a queue, filter only at walking pace and only where there is genuine space.

Signal intention early, check the mirror and blind spot before every change of direction, and cancel the indicator afterwards.

Children, elderly pedestrians and cyclists behave unpredictably; reduce speed and increase lateral distance rather than relying on a horn.

Accident sequence: secure the scene (hazard lights, warning triangle, high-visibility vest), alert emergency services, then give first aid within your competence.

Swiss emergency number 144 for ambulance; 117 police; 118 fire; 112 works across Europe. Report location, number of casualties and hazards.

Warning triangle placement: at least 50 m behind the vehicle on ordinary roads, around 100 m on motorways, further where sight lines are short.

Unconscious but breathing casualty: recovery position, monitor breathing; not breathing: start chest compressions at 100–120 per minute, depth about 5–6 cm.

Do not remove a motorcyclist's helmet unless breathing is obstructed; support the head and neck and wait for the emergency services.

Severe bleeding: apply direct pressure with a clean dressing; do not remove an object embedded in a wound.

After a breakdown on a motorway, leave the vehicle on the hard shoulder, exit on the side away from traffic and stand behind the barrier.

Fuel consumption rises steeply above about 80–90 km/h because aerodynamic drag grows with the square of speed.

Smooth throttle, early upshifting and anticipation of traffic flow cut consumption more than any technical add-on.

Correct tyre pressure reduces rolling resistance; under-inflated tyres also wear faster and heat up more.

A cold engine runs rich; combine short trips and avoid unnecessary idling - idling for more than about 20 seconds wastes fuel.

Regular servicing (air filter, spark plugs, chain tension, valve clearance) keeps combustion efficient and emissions low.

Noise is pollution too: avoid unnecessary revving, use the highest practical gear in built-up areas and keep the exhaust system standard.

Brake and tyre wear are consumables with an environmental cost; progressive riding reduces both particulate emissions and replacement frequency.

Roundabouts without signals: traffic already on the roundabout has priority; indicate left on entry when leaving beyond the first exit, and indicate right before leaving.

Motorway lane discipline: keep right, use the left lane only to overtake, and return right once the manoeuvre is complete.

Emergency vehicles with blue lights and sirens: clear the way immediately, do not brake abruptly, and do not follow directly behind them.

Level crossings: never enter unless the exit is clear; flashing red lights and lowered barriers mean stop, and a barrier must never be circumvented.

Parking prohibitions: within 5 m of a junction, on pedestrian crossings, on cycle paths and where the machine blocks sight lines.

Learner status: the probationary period (three years in Switzerland) allows no alcohol at all and brings stricter sanctions for serious offences.

Suspension setup: sag and damping should match rider plus luggage weight; too-soft springs cause the machine to run wide in bends.

Brake fluid is hygroscopic; it absorbs water and must be replaced at the manufacturer's interval, typically every two years.

Tyre age matters as much as tread: rubber hardens with time, so check the DOT date code even on a lightly used machine.

A steering damper reduces tank slappers but does not correct bad geometry or worn head bearings.

Lighting: check low beam, high beam, brake light and indicators before each ride; a failed brake light removes a key signal to following traffic.

Pillion and luggage change the centre of gravity; increase tyre pressure and rear preload according to the manual's load table.

Hill starts: hold the machine with the rear brake, release the clutch to the friction zone, then release the brake as the clutch bites.

Gear choice in bends: select the gear before the bend so the engine is in a responsive range and the throttle can be opened smoothly through the exit.

Wet-weather braking: apply the front brake more gently and earlier, keeping the machine as upright as possible to preserve grip.

Body position: grip the tank with the knees, keep arms relaxed and elbows bent to avoid transmitting steering inputs unintentionally.

Group riding hand signals and staggered formation reduce the need for sudden braking; the leader sets the pace to the slowest rider.

A front-wheel skid is recovered by releasing the brake lever smoothly; a rear-wheel skid by keeping the rear brake applied and staying off the front.

A vehicle waiting at a side road with its wheels turned toward the road is a strong cue that it may pull out; cover the brakes.

A parked car with a driver inside or a lit brake light may open a door or move off; give it at least a door's width.

Oncoming vehicles overtaking into your lane: reduce speed, move right and prepare to stop rather than swerve left.

Gravel, leaves and wet patches at the edge of the carriageway reduce grip; ride in the wheel tracks of the vehicle ahead where the surface is cleaner.

At night, ride so your headlight beam reaches the road ahead and reduce speed to the distance you can see to be clear.

A following vehicle too close: increase your own gap to the vehicle ahead so you can brake progressively rather than abruptly.

At junctions, make eye contact with the driver and confirm the vehicle has actually stopped before you ride across its path.

Do not ride in a heavy vehicle's blind spot alongside the cab; if you cannot see the driver's mirror, the driver cannot see you.

Cyclists may need to swerve around drains and potholes; leave them lateral room rather than sounding the horn.

Pedestrians stepping off a bus or tram have priority; slow down when passing a stopped public transport vehicle.

Filtering past a queue at a red light is only permitted if you can reach a safe position without crossing a solid line or entering oncoming traffic.

Courteous behaviour reduces risk: a brief acknowledgement of a driver who has given way encourages the same behaviour.

Before approaching a casualty, assess your own safety: moving traffic, fire risk from spilled fuel and downed power lines are checked first.

Shock signs: pale clammy skin, rapid weak pulse, restlessness; keep the casualty warm, lying down, and do not give food or drink.

Burns: cool with clean lukewarm water for at least 10 minutes; do not remove clothing stuck to the burn.

Keep a first-aid kit and a high-visibility vest on the machine; in Switzerland a warning vest is required when securing a breakdown scene.

Record what you saw and did for the emergency services; do not move an injured rider unless there is immediate danger.

After any accident involving injury, the police must be called; exchange details and do not leave the scene before it is permitted.

Anticipation replaces braking: reading traffic lights and traffic flow lets you roll off the throttle instead of braking and re-accelerating.

A chain that is too tight or too loose wastes power and wears sprockets; correct tension saves fuel and money.

Luggage and a top box increase drag; remove unnecessary accessories for long trips to cut consumption.

Electric motorcycles shift emissions to the electricity mix; regenerative braking and smooth acceleration still govern range.

Cold starts and short trips increase wear and emissions; a warm engine runs more efficiently, so combine errands into one ride.

Choosing a smaller-capacity machine for urban use lowers consumption and is often faster in dense traffic than a large tourer.

Priority signs override the right-hand rule: at a 'give way' sign you yield to traffic on the priority road in both directions.

At an unmarked T-junction, traffic on the road that ends yields to traffic on the through road; on a crossroads without signs, yield to the right.

Indicators are mandatory before any change of direction and must be cancelled; signalling does not create priority.

A U-turn is prohibited where visibility is limited, on motorways, at level crossings and where a sign forbids it.

Towing: a motorcycle may not tow a trailer unless the machine and trailer are approved for it; a pillion may not be carried on a machine not designed for one.

Insurance and roadworthiness: the machine must have valid third-party liability cover and a current inspection (MFK) where required.

Yellow markings in Switzerland denote temporary roadworks and override the permanent white markings.

A white diagonal cross on a blue square marks a motorway; a white motorway symbol on blue with a red slash marks its end.

A red-bordered circle with a motorcycle in black prohibits motorcycles; a blue circle with a motorcycle makes the path compulsory.

Flashing amber at a level crossing means stop unless you have already entered the crossing and cannot stop safely.

Bus lane markings: motorcycles may use a bus lane only where a supplementary plate explicitly permits it.

A stop line without a visible sign still requires a stop if it is a thick continuous line associated with a signal or stop sign.

Tyre profiles affect handling: a squared-off rear tyre from motorway use makes the machine slower to turn in and less stable in bends.

Brake pad wear indicators and disc scoring should be checked at every service; metal-on-metal contact destroys the disc.

Suspension oil and fork seals degrade with age; leaking fork oil contaminates the front brake disc and reduces braking.

Battery care: a machine used only occasionally needs a maintainer; a weak battery can cause erratic ECU and ABS behaviour.

Chain and sprocket wear is judged by hook-shaped teeth and a chain that cannot be adjusted within spec.

Headlight aim must be adjusted for load; a beam set too high dazzles oncoming traffic and is an offence.

Trail braking: light front brake pressure carried into the bend keeps the front loaded and shortens stopping distance, but must be released progressively as lean increases.

A machine stands up under braking in a bend; brake before the lean and use gentle rear brake only if the line must be tightened.

Counterbalancing at low speed: lean the body outward while turning the bars to keep a tight turning radius stable.

Emergency swerve: separate the swerve from braking - brake first, release, then swerve; combining hard braking and swerving exceeds front grip.

Riding over an obstacle: rise off the seat, keep the throttle steady and hit it square-on rather than at an angle.

Crosswinds and passing lorries: expect a sudden push and a sudden calm; reduce speed and keep a firm but relaxed grip on the bars.

A crest or a bend with a hedge limits sight distance; treat the unseen section as occupied and ride at a speed allowing a stop within the visible distance.

A vehicle indicating left may still turn right or go straight; never rely on a single cue - watch the wheels and the driver's head.

Wet tram rails and metal bridge joints should be crossed as close to a right angle as possible and without braking or accelerating.

An oncoming motorcycle pair riding abreast may drift into your lane; give a wider berth than for a single vehicle.

Animals on or near the road: slow down, avoid the horn, and be ready for sudden movement, especially at dawn and dusk.

A gap in a parked row is a likely place for a pedestrian or a car to emerge; scan it before passing.

When being overtaken, hold your line and speed; accelerating or drifting toward the centre increases the risk to both riders.

At a pedestrian crossing with a central island, each half is a separate crossing; do not proceed until the second half is clear.

Motorcyclists may use the full lane; riding at the extreme edge invites unsafe overtaking by cars.

In a traffic jam, do not ride on the pavement or cycle path to bypass the queue.

When a bus or lorry indicates to pull out from a stop, give way if it is safe; heavy vehicles need a long distance to accelerate.

Signal and check before leaving a roundabout; a late indicator confuses drivers waiting to enter.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation ratio for a single rescuer is 30 compressions to 2 breaths; if untrained, do compression-only CPR.

Recovery position: the casualty is rolled onto the side with the head tilted back and the upper leg bent to prevent rolling.

Suspected spinal injury: keep the casualty still, support the head in line with the spine, and wait for professional help.

A casualty who is breathing but unresponsive must never be left alone; monitor breathing continuously until help arrives.

Fuel spill at an accident scene: do not smoke, switch off engines, and keep ignition sources away.

Breakdown on a motorway: use the emergency telephone or the breakdown service, and never attempt repairs in a live lane.

Engine braking on a closed throttle cuts fuel delivery on most modern machines; using it on descents saves fuel and brake wear.

A dirty air filter richens the mixture and raises consumption; clean or replace it at the specified interval.

Correct chain lubrication reduces friction losses; a dry chain can cost measurable power and fuel.

Tyre choice affects consumption: a harder-compound touring tyre rolls more easily than a soft sports tyre but grips less.

Avoid warming up an engine stationary for long periods; ride gently instead - it warms faster under light load.

Route choice matters: a steady flowing road uses less fuel than a shorter but stop-start route.

A police officer's signals override traffic lights and signs; obey the arm signals immediately and stop where directed.

Blue flashing lights and sirens on an emergency vehicle require you to clear the way, even if it means crossing a stop line when safe.

A vehicle entering from a field track or private driveway must yield to all traffic on the public road.

Pedestrians on a crossing have priority over turning traffic; a driver turning into a side road must let them cross.

A motorcycle may not be parked on the pavement unless a sign permits it; obstructing pedestrians is an offence.

Riding without a valid licence or insurance is a serious offence carrying licence withdrawal and heavy fines.

A yellow diamond with a black bend symbol warns of a bend; the supplementary plate below may give the recommended speed.

A red-bordered triangle with a black exclamation mark warns of a general hazard; reduce speed and be ready to stop.

A blue square with a white 'P' marks parking; supplementary plates state time limits and permit requirements.

A sign showing a motorcycle and a car with a red border prohibits overtaking by motorcycles where shown.

A white arrow on a blue circle is a mandatory direction; you must proceed in that direction even if your route differs.

Temporary yellow signs at roadworks must be obeyed exactly like permanent signs.

The front brake lever should have a small amount of free play; a lever with no free play can drag the brake and overheat the disc.

Brake and clutch cables on older machines should be lubricated and checked for fraying; a snapped clutch cable leaves you without drive control.

A steering head bearing that is too tight causes weave; too loose causes a clunk under braking.

Tyre pressure should be checked when cold; a warm tyre reads higher and adjusting to the warm figure leaves it under-inflated.

A worn rear shock absorber causes the machine to squat and the front to feel vague in fast bends.

Horn and lights must work; a failed horn or headlight makes the machine unroadworthy.

Look through the bend to the exit; the machine follows the eyes, so a late look produces a late, wide line.

Enter a bend slower than you think necessary and accelerate gently through it; this is safer than braking mid-corner.

On a downhill bend, use engine braking and a lower gear to avoid overloading the front brake.

When riding two abreast, the inner rider should ride slightly behind so both have an escape path.

A pillion should lean with the rider and avoid counter-leaning; brief them before the ride.

In strong wind, reduce speed and increase the following gap; gusts are strongest at exposed bridges and field openings.

A ball rolling into the road is a cue that a child may follow; brake immediately and expect the unexpected.

A car with a fogged or frosted windscreen may have a driver with limited vision; give it extra room.

A vehicle braking unexpectedly ahead may be reacting to something you cannot see; slow down and increase the gap.

Wet leaves and mud on a shaded bend are as slippery as ice; reduce speed before the bend, not in it.

At dawn and dusk, low sun reduces visibility for oncoming drivers; ride with a headlight on and expect them to misjudge your speed.

A motorcycle approaching a junction with a car waiting to turn across it is the classic collision; cover the brakes and be ready to stop.

Do not ride between lanes of moving traffic; a car changing lane may not check for a motorcycle.

When passing a cyclist, allow at least 1 m in town and 1.5 m outside; a cyclist may swerve for a pothole.

At a junction, position yourself where the driver can see you, not in the blind spot behind the pillar.

Give way to pedestrians already on a crossing, and do not overtake a vehicle that has stopped for them.

Use the horn only to warn of danger, not to express impatience; it can startle a cyclist or pedestrian into a mistake.

When riding in a group, the leader should signal hazards and the group should reform after junctions.

Call 144 for an ambulance and give the exact location, the number of injured and any hazards such as fire or fuel spill.

Do not move an injured motorcyclist unless there is immediate danger; support the head and neck and keep them warm.

If a casualty is not breathing, start chest compressions immediately at 100–120 per minute and continue until help arrives.

A warning triangle should be placed at least 50 m behind the vehicle on ordinary roads and around 100 m on motorways.

Wear a high-visibility vest when securing a breakdown scene; it is required in Switzerland.

After an accident with injury, call the police and do not leave the scene before it is permitted.

Fuel consumption rises sharply above about 80–90 km/h because drag increases with the square of speed.

Smooth acceleration and early upshifting reduce consumption more than any technical measure.

Correct tyre pressure lowers rolling resistance and reduces wear.

Avoid idling for more than about 20 seconds; switching off saves fuel.

Regular servicing keeps combustion efficient and emissions low.

Progressive riding reduces brake and tyre wear, cutting the environmental cost of consumables.

The right-hand priority rule applies at junctions without signs or signals; yield to traffic approaching from the right.

A priority road sign (yellow diamond) suspends the right-hand rule until the sign is struck through.

At a roundabout without signals, traffic on the roundabout has priority.

Indicators must be used before any change of direction and cancelled afterwards; signalling does not create priority.

A stop sign requires a full stop at the stop line, not merely slowing.

Motorways are closed to motorcycles under 250 cc and to learners without the required category.

Red ring = prohibition; blue ground = mandatory; triangle with red border = danger.

A solid white centre line may not be crossed; a broken line may be crossed to overtake when safe.

Pedestrian crossings are marked by broad stripes; stopping or parking on them is prohibited.

Flashing amber permits proceeding only if no danger; a defective signal falls back to signposted or right-hand priority.

Yellow markings at roadworks override permanent white markings.

A blue circle with a motorcycle makes the path compulsory for motorcycles.

Braking distance grows with the square of speed; doubling speed quadruples braking distance.

Reaction distance in metres ≈ (speed in km/h ÷ 10) × 3 for a one-second reaction.

Minimum tread depth for motorcycles is 1.6 mm across the main tread.

The front brake provides most braking force (roughly 70–80 %) as weight transfers forward.

Brake fluid is hygroscopic and must be replaced at the manufacturer's interval, typically every two years.

A worn rear shock absorber causes the machine to squat and the front to feel vague.

Countersteering: at speeds above roughly 20 km/h, pushing the right bar forward leans the machine right.

Brake before the bend, set entry speed, look through the curve to the exit, and open the throttle smoothly.

Target fixation on a hazard pulls the machine toward it; look where you want to go.

Emergency braking: squeeze the front lever progressively, apply the rear brake lightly, keep the machine upright.

Slow-speed control uses rear brake and clutch friction zone with the body upright.

On a leaning machine, braking and acceleration consume the same tyre grip as cornering.

Use a two-second following distance in dry conditions, at least double in rain and four times on ice.

Scan 12–15 seconds ahead and check mirrors every 5–8 seconds.

Avoid a car's blind spot beside the door pillar; never stay alongside a heavy vehicle.

Cover the brakes and reduce speed at hidden junctions, crests and parked rows.

Wet road hazards: painted markings, manhole covers, tram rails and diesel spills offer far less grip.

A vehicle with wheels turned toward the road is a strong cue that it may pull out.

Overtaking a two-wheeler requires at least 1 m lateral clearance in built-up areas and 1.5 m outside them.

Never overtake at pedestrian crossings, level crossings or where visibility is limited.

At a pedestrian crossing, stop if someone is waiting with the clear intention to cross.

Trams and buses have limited braking ability and large blind spots; give way when they signal departure.

Lane splitting between moving traffic is not permitted; filter only at walking pace where there is genuine space.

Signal early, check the mirror and blind spot before every change of direction, and cancel the indicator.

Accident sequence: secure the scene, alert emergency services, then give first aid within your competence.

Swiss emergency numbers: 144 ambulance, 117 police, 118 fire; 112 works across Europe.

Unconscious but breathing casualty: recovery position; not breathing: chest compressions at 100–120 per minute.

Do not remove a motorcyclist's helmet unless breathing is obstructed.

Severe bleeding: apply direct pressure with a clean dressing.

After a breakdown on a motorway, exit on the side away from traffic and stand behind the barrier.

Fuel consumption rises steeply above about 80–90 km/h because drag grows with the square of speed.

Smooth throttle, early upshifting and anticipation cut consumption more than any technical add-on.

Correct tyre pressure reduces rolling resistance and wear.

Avoid idling for more than about 20 seconds.

Regular servicing keeps combustion efficient and emissions low.

Progressive riding reduces brake and tyre wear, cutting the environmental cost of consumables.

Right-hand traffic: keep as far right as practicable; riding abreast is limited to two motorcycles side by side.

Turning left: yield to oncoming traffic going straight or turning right.

Legal blood-alcohol limit for motorcyclists is 0.50 g/kg; for learners 0.10 g/kg.

Helmet use is compulsory for rider and pillion; the helmet must be type-approved and fastened.

A pillion passenger requires a proper seat, footrests and a helmet.

Motorways are closed to motorcycles under 250 cc and to learners without the required category.

Danger signs are triangular with red border; regulatory signs are circular.

The priority road sign is a yellow diamond with white border; it ends with the same sign struck through.

A stop sign requires a full stop at the stop line.

A solid white centre line may not be crossed; a broken line may be crossed to overtake when safe.

Pedestrian crossings are marked by broad stripes; stopping or parking on them is prohibited.

Blue circular signs with a white bicycle or motorcycle indicate a compulsory path.

Braking distance grows with the square of speed.

Reaction distance in metres ≈ (speed in km/h ÷ 10) × 3 for a one-second reaction.

Minimum tread depth for motorcycles is 1.6 mm across the main tread.

The front brake provides most braking force (roughly 70–80 %).

Brake fluid is hygroscopic and must be replaced at the manufacturer's interval.

A worn rear shock absorber causes the machine to squat and the front to feel vague.

Countersteering: at speeds above roughly 20 km/h, pushing the right bar forward leans the machine right.

Brake before the bend, set entry speed, look through the curve to the exit.

Target fixation on a hazard pulls the machine toward it; look where you want to go.

Emergency braking: squeeze the front lever progressively, apply the rear brake lightly.

Slow-speed control uses rear brake and clutch friction zone.

On a leaning machine, braking and acceleration consume the same tyre grip as cornering.

Use a two-second following distance in dry conditions, at least double in rain.

Scan 12–15 seconds ahead and check mirrors every 5–8 seconds.

Avoid a car's blind spot beside the door pillar.

Cover the brakes and reduce speed at hidden junctions, crests and parked rows.

Wet road hazards: painted markings, manhole covers, tram rails and diesel spills offer far less grip.

A vehicle with wheels turned toward the road is a strong cue that it may pull out.

Overtaking a two-wheeler requires at least 1 m lateral clearance in built-up areas and 1.5 m outside them.

Never overtake at pedestrian crossings, level crossings or where visibility is limited.

At a pedestrian crossing, stop if someone is waiting with the clear intention to cross.

Trams and buses have limited braking ability and large blind spots.

Lane splitting between moving traffic is not permitted.

Signal early, check the mirror and blind spot before every change of direction.

Accident sequence: secure the scene, alert emergency services, then give first aid.

Swiss emergency numbers: 144 ambulance, 117 police, 118 fire.

Unconscious but breathing casualty: recovery position; not breathing: chest compressions.

Do not remove a motorcyclist's helmet unless breathing is obstructed.

Severe bleeding: apply direct pressure with a clean dressing.

After a breakdown on a motorway, exit on the side away from traffic.

Fuel consumption rises steeply above about 80–90 km/h because drag grows with the square of speed.

Smooth throttle, early upshifting and anticipation cut consumption.

Correct tyre pressure reduces rolling resistance and wear.

Avoid idling for more than about 20 seconds.

Regular servicing keeps combustion efficient and emissions low.

Progressive riding reduces brake and tyre wear.

The right-hand priority rule applies at junctions without signs or signals.

A priority road sign suspends the right-hand rule until the sign is struck through.

At a roundabout without signals, traffic on the roundabout has priority.

Indicators must be used before any change of direction; signalling does not create priority.

A stop sign requires a full stop at the stop line.

Motorways are closed to motorcycles under 250 cc and to learners without the required category.

Red ring = prohibition; blue ground = mandatory; triangle with red border = danger.

A solid white centre line may not be crossed; a broken line may be crossed to overtake when safe.

Pedestrian crossings are marked by broad stripes; stopping or parking on them is prohibited.

Flashing amber permits proceeding only if no danger.

Yellow markings at roadworks override permanent white markings.

A blue circle with a motorcycle makes the path compulsory for motorcycles.

Braking distance grows with the square of speed.

Reaction distance in metres ≈ (speed in km/h ÷ 10) × 3 for a one-second reaction.

Minimum tread depth for motorcycles is 1.6 mm across the main tread.

The front brake provides most braking force (roughly 70–80 %).

Brake fluid is hygroscopic and must be replaced at the manufacturer's interval.

A worn rear shock absorber causes the machine to squat and the front to feel vague.