Concours ENS Buea flashcards

31 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Reunification date

1 October 1961, when the Southern Cameroons joined the Republic of Cameroon after the 11 February 1961 plebiscite, creating the Federal Republic of Cameroon.

Number of regions

Cameroon has ten regions: eight francophone and two anglophone (North-West and South-West). Regions replaced provinces in the 1996 constitutional revision.

Mount Cameroon height

Mount Cameroon rises to about 4,040 metres, making it the highest peak in West and Central Africa. It is an active volcano near Buea.

CFA franc parity

The Central African CFA franc is pegged to the euro at a fixed rate of 1 euro = 655.957 CFA francs, guaranteed by the French Treasury.

Commonwealth accession

Cameroon joined the Commonwealth on 13 November 1995. It is the only CEMAC member state belonging to that organisation.

CEMAC membership

Cameroon belongs to CEMAC, the Central African Economic and Monetary Community created in 1994, whose central bank BEAC is headquartered in Yaoundé.

Bilingualism constitutional status

English and French are official languages of equal status under Cameroon's constitution. The state is pledged to promote both and protect minority linguistic communities.

NDS30

The National Development Strategy 2030 is Cameroon's planning framework adopted in 2020, aiming at structural transformation, industrialisation, and emergence by 2035.

Senate installation year

Cameroon's Senate, provided for in the 1996 constitution, was actually installed in 2013 after the first senatorial elections.

Subject-verb agreement rule

A singular subject takes a singular verb. 'The number of' is singular while 'a number of' is plural; 'each', 'every', and 'neither' are singular.

Present perfect restriction

The present perfect links a past action to the present and cannot be used with definite finished-time markers such as 'yesterday', 'last year', or 'in 1990'.

Third conditional form

The third conditional uses 'if + past perfect' in the condition and 'would have + past participle' in the result, describing unreal past situations.

Comprise usage

'Comprise' is a transitive verb taking a direct object and no preposition: 'the team comprises five members'. 'Comprise of' is incorrect.

Affect versus effect

'Affect' is normally a verb meaning to influence; 'effect' is normally a noun meaning a result. 'Effect' as a verb means to bring about.

Semicolon function

A semicolon joins two independent clauses not linked by a conjunction. It signals a closer relationship than a full stop.

Fewer versus less

'Fewer' modifies countable plural nouns ('fewer students'); 'less' modifies uncountable nouns ('less water'). Both are comparative forms.

Passive transformation rule

Only transitive verbs passivise: the object becomes subject, the verb becomes 'be + past participle', and the agent appears in a 'by' phrase.

Accord participe passé avec avoir

Avec l'auxiliaire avoir, le participe passé s'accorde avec le complément d'objet direct placé avant le verbe, et reste invariable sinon.

Subjonctif après 'bien que'

'Bien que' exige le subjonctif car il exprime la concession. On écrit 'bien qu'il soit absent', jamais 'bien qu'il est absent'.

Distinction a / à

'A' sans accent est le verbe avoir à la troisième personne. 'À' avec accent grave est une préposition marquant le lieu, le temps ou la manière.

Accord adjectif de couleur

Les adjectifs de couleur issus d'un nom restent invariables ('des chaussures marron'). Les couleurs simples s'accordent ('des robes vertes').

Figure de style : oxymore

L'oxymore réunit deux mots de sens contraire dans une même expression, comme 'cette obscure clarté' ou 'un silence assourdissant'.

Schéma narratif

Le schéma narratif comprend cinq étapes : situation initiale, élément perturbateur, péripéties, dénouement et situation finale.

Concordance des temps au passé

Dans un récit au passé, le futur devient conditionnel et le passé composé devient plus-que-parfait, selon la règle de la concordance des temps.

Bloom revised taxonomy

Bloom's revised taxonomy orders cognitive objectives as Remember, Understand, Apply, Analyze, Evaluate, and Create, from lower to higher order thinking.

Formative assessment purpose

Formative assessment occurs during instruction to give feedback and adjust teaching. Its purpose is improvement, not ranking or certification.

Zone of proximal development

Vygotsky's ZPD is the gap between what a learner can do alone and what they can do with guidance, where scaffolding is most effective.

Competency-based approach

The competency-based approach organises learning around real-life situations and integrated resources, and assesses learners against explicit criteria rather than class rank.

Diagnostic assessment

Diagnostic assessment takes place before instruction to identify learners' prior knowledge, misconceptions, and gaps, so teaching can be planned accordingly.

Test validity and reliability

Validity means a test measures what it claims to measure; reliability means it yields consistent results across occasions, raters, or item sets.

Kounin withitness

Kounin's 'withitness' is a teacher's awareness of everything happening in the classroom and timely intervention before minor issues escalate.