Building Construction and Detailing (建筑构造与详图)
建筑构造与详图 tests whether you know how building parts are actually assembled: foundations, damp-proofing, waterproofing, roofs, stairs, movement joints and curtain walls. The paper rewards remembered dimensions and layer order, not invention.
Below and at ground level
- 基础埋深 not less than 0.5 m, measured from 室外设计地面 to 基础底面, and below the frost line in cold regions.
- 地下室 waterproof concrete 抗渗等级 not lower than P6, with the grade raised as 埋深 increases.
- 墙身水平防潮层 at −0.060 m, one brick course below the internal floor, continuous and not interrupted at door openings without an alternative.
- 散水 600–1000 mm wide, 5% slope away, with a sealed joint at the wall and a 变形缝 every 6–12 m.
Roofs and joints
- 材料找坡 2%, 结构找坡 3%; 檐沟 and 天沟 longitudinal fall not less than 1%.
- 变形缝 needs a 盖缝板 externally and a matching internal cover, with insulation and a vapour path that stay continuous - the wall must not be left open behind the cover.
- 幕墙 fire stops: 1.5 mm galvanised steel plate plus 岩棉 at each floor slab edge, sealing the gap between slab and curtain wall.
Worked example, stair detail for a 3000 mm floor-to-floor height. Using 2h + b = 600–620 with h = 150 mm, b = 300 mm: 3000/150 = 20 risers, two flights of 10 risers, so 9 treads per flight and a going of 9 × 300 = 2700 mm per flight. 梯段 clear width ≥1.10 m, 休息平台 depth at least the flight width. Check clear height on the section: ≥2.20 m over the flight, ≥2.00 m under the landing beam. If the answer gives 10 treads the arithmetic has counted the landing as a tread.
Traps
- Counting risers as treads, so the stair does not fit the stairwell.
- Making the 休息平台 narrower than the flight.
- Putting the 防潮层 under the floor slab or omitting it at thresholds.
- Confusing 泛水 (vertical turn-up) with 滴水 (drip at the edge).
- Drawing 变形缝 with a cover but no continuous insulation or vapour barrier.