I85PREP
⌘ K
Emergency Rescuer Occupational Qualification study materials
Emergency Rescuer Occupational Qualification study resources

Emergency Rescuer Occupational Qualification practice questions

One question at a time. Build your Emergency Rescuer Occupational Qualification understanding.

First 50 of 200 questions. Each one lists the choices, the correct answer, and an explanation. The checker at the top of this page saves progress in this browser when it is available.

Continue in the practice tool above to load more questions, 50 at a time.

Question 1Emergency rescue laws, regulations and professional ethics

根据《中华人民共和国突发事件应对法》，突发事件按照社会危害程度、影响范围等因素分为哪几个等级？

  1. 一级、二级、三级、四级、五级
  2. 紧急、严重、较重、轻微
  3. 红色、橙色、黄色、蓝色、绿色
  4. 特别重大、重大、较大、一般 Correct answer.

Explanation

该法将自然灾害、事故灾难、公共卫生事件按社会危害程度、影响范围等因素分为特别重大、重大、较大和一般四级，法律、行政法规或国务院另有规定的从其规定。预警级别则用红、橙、黄、蓝四色标示，与事件分级是两套体系，考生需注意区分。

Question 2Emergency rescue laws, regulations and professional ethics

突发事件应对工作实行的原则是预防为主、预防与应急相结合，其管理体制是下列哪一项？

  1. 以志愿者队伍为主、政府辅助
  2. 统一领导、综合协调、分类管理、分级负责、属地管理为主 Correct answer.
  3. 由军队统一指挥、地方配合
  4. 以社会组织自我管理为主

Explanation

《突发事件应对法》确立的管理体制是统一领导、综合协调、分类管理、分级负责、属地管理为主，强调属地政府在第一时间先期处置中的责任。该体制既保证统一指挥，又兼顾不同灾种的分类专业处置。

Question 3Emergency rescue laws, regulations and professional ethics

某地发生重大事故灾难，县级人民政府在向上级报告突发事件信息时，关于时限要求下列说法正确的是？

  1. 只需向同级党委报告即可
  2. 可以等处置结束后一并上报
  3. 由新闻媒体先行发布，政府无需另行报告
  4. 应当在规定时限内向上级人民政府报告，不得迟报、谎报、瞒报、漏报 Correct answer.

Explanation

法律要求有关地方政府和部门按规定时限如实上报突发事件信息，并明确禁止迟报、谎报、瞒报、漏报。及时准确的信息报送是上级启动应急响应、调配资源的前提，任何单位不得以处置未完为由拖延。

Question 4Emergency rescue laws, regulations and professional ethics

关于突发事件预警级别的颜色标示，下列对应关系正确的是？

  1. 颜色标示与预警级别之间没有固定对应
  2. 红色表示一般、蓝色表示特别严重
  3. 橙色表示最轻、红色表示较重
  4. 一级为红色、二级为橙色、三级为黄色、四级为蓝色 Correct answer.

Explanation

预警级别由高到低依次用红色、橙色、黄色、蓝色标示，分别对应一级至四级，红色代表最高级别。颜色标示是向社会公众快速传递风险强度的标准化手段，必须与级别顺序严格对应。

Question 5Emergency rescue laws, regulations and professional ethics

应急救援人员在执行救援任务时发现被困群众生命垂危而现场指令存在明显冲突，按照应急管理的基本要求，首要原则是？

  1. 以抢救人员生命为首要任务，同时及时报告并服从统一指挥 Correct answer.
  2. 先清点装备物资，再考虑救助
  3. 先保护自身安全并立即撤离，不承担救助义务
  4. 等待上级书面批复后再行动

Explanation

应急救援以抢救和保護遇险人员生命为首要任务，同时必须服从现场统一指挥并及时报告情况，二者并不矛盾。现场指令冲突时应通过指挥体系澄清，而不是擅自放弃救助或消极等待。

Question 6Emergency rescue laws, regulations and professional ethics

《中华人民共和国安全生产法》规定，生产经营单位发生生产安全事故后，事故现场有关人员应当立即向谁报告？

  1. 直接向应急管理部门报告，无需告知单位
  2. 向本单位负责人报告 Correct answer.
  3. 向行业协会报告
  4. 向当地人民法院报告

Explanation

事故现场有关人员应当立即向本单位负责人报告；单位负责人接到报告后，应按规定时限向事故发生地负有安全生产监督管理职责的部门报告。这样设置是为了保证信息先内部汇总再快速上报。

Question 7Emergency rescue laws, regulations and professional ethics

应急救援人员在救援过程中发现事故可能危及周边居民安全，关于人员疏散的组织主体，下列说法正确的是？

  1. 由媒体发布通知后居民自行转移
  2. 由居民自行判断是否撤离
  3. 只能由企业自行组织，政府不得介入
  4. 由事发地人民政府或现场指挥部依法组织疏散 Correct answer.

Explanation

当突发事件可能危及周边人员安全时，事发地人民政府或现场指挥机构应当依法组织人员疏散、转移和安置。救援人员在现场发现险情时应及时报告并提出疏散建议，由有权机关组织实施。

Question 8Emergency rescue laws, regulations and professional ethics

根据《消防法》，任何单位和个人发现火灾时应当履行的基本义务是？

  1. 先自行拍照取证后再决定是否报警
  2. 仅在有偿条件下才协助报警
  3. 立即报警，任何单位、个人都应当无偿为报警提供便利 Correct answer.
  4. 等火势扩大后再报警以确认属实

Explanation

《消防法》规定任何单位和个人发现火灾都应当立即报警，且不得阻拦报警，有关单位应无偿为报警提供便利。及时报警是减少火灾损失的关键环节，不能附加任何条件。

Question 9Emergency rescue laws, regulations and professional ethics

关于应急救援人员依法履行职责时的权利保障，下列表述正确的是？

  1. 救援人员可以自行决定征用任何私人财产且无需补偿
  2. 救援人员履职造成他人损害的，一律由个人承担全部责任
  3. 救援人员在现场不受任何指挥约束
  4. 救援人员的合法履职行为受法律保护，有关单位和个人应当配合 Correct answer.

Explanation

应急救援人员依法履行职责受法律保护，有关单位和个人应当予以配合。因执行救援任务需要征用财产或造成损害的，依法给予补偿，相关责任由组织依法承担，而非简单归于个人。

Question 10Emergency rescue laws, regulations and professional ethics

应急救援队伍在跨区域增援时，关于指挥关系的处理，下列做法正确的是？

  1. 只听从原派出单位指挥，不接受现场指挥部调度
  2. 到达现场后纳入当地现场指挥部统一指挥，同时保持与原派出单位的联系 Correct answer.
  3. 各队伍独立行动，互不联系
  4. 由最先到达的队伍负责人永久接管全部指挥权

Explanation

跨区域增援队伍到达现场后应纳入现场指挥部统一指挥调度，形成合力，同时与原派出单位保持联络以保障补给与人员管理。多头指挥或各自为战会导致任务冲突和资源浪费。

Question 11Emergency rescue laws, regulations and professional ethics

关于应急救援人员的职业道德，下列行为符合职业伦理要求的是？

  1. 在救援现场优先抢救熟人及其财产
  2. 因疲劳拒绝交接班且不告知队友
  3. 如实记录救援过程并对遇难者遗体给予尊重 Correct answer.
  4. 未经允许向网络发布遇难者照片以博取关注

Explanation

应急救援职业伦理要求公平施救、尊重生命尊严、如实记录并保护当事人隐私。对遇难者遗体的尊重和对救援信息的如实记录，体现专业责任与人道精神。

Question 12Emergency rescue laws, regulations and professional ethics

应急救援人员在现场获取的遇险人员个人信息和伤情资料，正确处理方式是？

  1. 可随意转发到社交群组
  2. 可出售给商业机构
  3. 仅在救援和医疗需要范围内使用，依法保护个人隐私 Correct answer.
  4. 无需任何限制，公开越详细越好

Explanation

救援中获取的个人信息属于敏感信息，应当遵循必要原则，仅在救援、医疗和善后需要的范围内使用，并依法保护当事人隐私。随意传播或牟利不仅违背伦理，也可能触犯个人信息保护相关法律。

Question 13Emergency rescue laws, regulations and professional ethics

根据《生产安全事故报告和调查处理条例》，事故等级划分中“重大事故”的标准是？

  1. 造成10人以上30人以下死亡 Correct answer.
  2. 造成30人以上死亡
  3. 造成3人以上10人以下死亡
  4. 造成3人以下死亡

Explanation

该条例按人员伤亡和直接经济损失划分事故等级：特别重大事故为30人以上死亡，重大事故为10人以上30人以下死亡，较大事故为3人以上10人以下死亡，一般事故为3人以下死亡。分级直接决定调查主体和响应层级。

Question 14Emergency rescue laws, regulations and professional ethics

某化工企业发生泄漏事故，现场救援人员发现企业负责人试图隐瞒泄漏范围。依据法律，救援人员应当？

  1. 如实向现场指挥部和有关部门报告真实情况 Correct answer.
  2. 只向媒体披露，不向指挥部报告
  3. 自行决定不报告，等事故扩大后再说
  4. 配合企业统一口径，避免引起恐慌

Explanation

如实报告是应急救援人员的基本义务，隐瞒真实险情会误导指挥决策、危及救援人员和群众安全。任何单位和个人不得瞒报、谎报事故情况，救援人员应通过指挥体系报告实情。

Question 15Emergency rescue laws, regulations and professional ethics

关于应急演练的组织要求，下列说法符合法规精神的是？

  1. 演练结束后无需总结改进
  2. 演练可以完全由外部机构代替，本单位人员不参与
  3. 高危行业生产经营单位应按规定定期组织应急演练并保存记录 Correct answer.
  4. 演练只需形式走过场，无需评估

Explanation

高危行业生产经营单位应当按规定定期组织生产安全事故应急救援演练，并如实记录演练情况。演练目的在于检验预案可行性和队伍协同能力，因此必须组织评估、总结并持续改进。

Question 16Emergency rescue laws, regulations and professional ethics

应急救援人员在执行任务中因公受伤，关于其权益保障，下列表述正确的是？

  1. 依法享受工伤等相应待遇和抚恤 Correct answer.
  2. 需自行承担全部医疗费用
  3. 因公受伤不享受任何待遇
  4. 只有正式编制人员才可享受待遇

Explanation

应急救援人员因执行救援任务受伤、致残或牺牲的，依法享受工伤、抚恤等相应待遇，这是对其职业风险的制度性保障。该保障不以编制身份为唯一前提，而依劳动关系和法律规定确定。

Question 17Emergency rescue laws, regulations and professional ethics

根据《突发事件应对法》，单位或个人不服从所在地人民政府及其有关部门发布的决定、命令，或者不配合其依法采取的措施，构成违反治安管理行为的，应如何处理？

  1. 仅进行口头批评教育
  2. 由所在单位自行处理，公安机关不介入
  3. 由公安机关依法给予处罚 Correct answer.
  4. 不予处理，待事后追责

Explanation

不服从应急决定命令或不配合依法采取措施，构成违反治安管理行为的，由公安机关依法给予处罚；构成犯罪的依法追究刑事责任。这一规定保障应急措施具有强制执行力。

Question 18Emergency rescue laws, regulations and professional ethics

应急救援现场设立警戒区的目的是？

  1. 便于统计围观人数
  2. 控制现场秩序、防止无关人员进入危险区域造成次生伤害 Correct answer.
  3. 限制救援人员进入以便管理
  4. 方便媒体近距离拍摄

Explanation

设立警戒区是为了控制现场秩序、隔离危险源，防止无关人员进入危险区域引发次生伤害，同时保障救援通道畅通。警戒范围的划定应结合危险物质扩散和建筑物倒塌风险科学确定。

Question 19Emergency rescue laws, regulations and professional ethics

关于应急救援中的“先期处置”，事发地基层单位在专业救援力量到达前应当？

  1. 先召开会议研究方案
  2. 立即组织先期处置、控制事态并报告，同时引导人员避险 Correct answer.
  3. 立即撤离所有人员且不再返回
  4. 原地等待，不做任何处置

Explanation

突发事件发生后，事发地基层组织和单位应立即组织先期处置，控制危险源、组织人员避险并向上级报告，为专业救援争取时间。属地管理为主的原则正是强调第一时间的快速反应。

Question 20Emergency rescue laws, regulations and professional ethics

应急救援人员在接受媒体采访时，关于信息发布的做法正确的是？

  1. 应由授权的新闻发言人统一发布信息，个人不擅自发布 Correct answer.
  2. 可代表政府宣布事故原因
  3. 可随意透露未经核实的伤亡数字
  4. 可公开遇难者姓名和身份证号

Explanation

突发事件信息发布应由有权机关或授权的新闻发言人统一进行，确保信息准确权威。救援人员个人不得擅自发布未经核实的伤亡数据或事故原因，也不得泄露遇难者个人敏感信息。

Question 21Disaster and accident scene safety assessment and hazard control

At a road traffic crash, which action is the first priority before you approach the vehicle to assess casualties?

  1. Move the casualty out of the vehicle immediately
  2. Ask bystanders to lift the vehicle
  3. Stabilize the scene by stopping traffic and isolating the hazard zone Correct answer.
  4. Begin chest compressions at the vehicle door

Explanation

Scene safety precedes casualty contact: without traffic control and a marked hazard zone you and the casualty risk a secondary collision. Only after the scene is stabilized should you approach and triage. Immediate extrication or treatment inside an uncontrolled scene endangers everyone.

Question 22Disaster and accident scene safety assessment and hazard control

You arrive at a suspected gas leak in a basement and smell a strong odor. Which approach is correct?

  1. Do not enter; withdraw, ventilate only if safe from outside, and call the gas utility and fire service Correct answer.
  2. Open the basement door and wait inside for the utility crew
  3. Enter after holding your breath briefly
  4. Enter with a lit flashlight to inspect the leak source

Explanation

A flammable atmosphere in a confined space can ignite from any spark, including switches and flashlights. The correct action is to avoid entry, keep ignition sources out, and summon trained responders with detection and isolation capability. Holding your breath does not remove the explosion risk.

Question 23Disaster and accident scene safety assessment and hazard control

What does the term 'hot zone' designate at a hazardous materials incident?

  1. The area where only trained personnel in appropriate PPE may operate Correct answer.
  2. The command post location for the incident commander
  3. The area where decontamination showers are set up
  4. The public gathering point for evacuated residents

Explanation

The hot zone is the contaminated area where the hazard is present and entry requires PPE matched to the substance and training to work in it. The warm zone holds decontamination and the cold zone holds command and support functions.

Question 24Disaster and accident scene safety assessment and hazard control

A casualty is trapped under a collapsed concrete slab and the void is stable but narrow. Which action is correct before entering the void?

  1. Enter immediately and pull the casualty free by the arms
  2. Spray water on the slab to settle the dust and then enter
  3. Assess the void for secondary collapse, shore or stabilize it, and plan egress before entry Correct answer.
  4. Ask the casualty to dig themselves out

Explanation

Entering an unstable void risks secondary collapse that can crush both rescuer and casualty. The void must be assessed and shored or otherwise stabilized, and an egress route planned, before anyone enters. Pulling a trapped casualty can also trigger further collapse.

Question 25Disaster and accident scene safety assessment and hazard control

During a wildfire response, the wind shifts and the fire front turns toward your position. What is the correct immediate action?

  1. Shelter behind the fire engine and wait
  2. Move to a previously identified safety zone and deploy fire shelters if escape is cut off Correct answer.
  3. Dig a trench between you and the fire
  4. Continue working and monitor the fire's distance

Explanation

When the fire changes direction, you must disengage and move to a pre-identified safety zone, ideally downslope and into an area already burned. If escape is cut off, deploying a fire shelter in a cleared area is the last resort. Continuing work or relying on a vehicle is unsafe in a fast-moving front.

Question 26Disaster and accident scene safety assessment and hazard control

You are assessing a damaged tanker truck with a placard showing a corrosive class. Which PPE decision is appropriate for initial approach?

  1. Approach from downwind in latex gloves to read the placard
  2. Approach from the low side of the road to avoid the wind
  3. Approach from upwind in full structural firefighting gear with SCBA and maintain distance Correct answer.
  4. Approach without PPE to identify the substance quickly

Explanation

Initial approach to an unknown corrosive release is made from upwind, uphill and at a distance, with respiratory protection and chemical-protective clothing. Downwind and low-lying positions expose you to vapor and runoff. Latex gloves offer no chemical resistance.

Question 27Disaster and accident scene safety assessment and hazard control

At a scene with a downed power line lying across a vehicle, which action is correct?

  1. Use a wooden broom to lift the line off the vehicle
  2. Establish a wide exclusion zone and wait for the utility to de-energize the line Correct answer.
  3. Touch the vehicle to check if the casualty is responsive
  4. Ask the casualty to step out and walk away

Explanation

A downed line may still be energized and can energize the vehicle and the ground around it. The safe action is to keep everyone well back, treat the line as live, and wait for the utility to isolate and confirm de-energization. Improvised lifting tools do not guarantee insulation.

Question 28Disaster and accident scene safety assessment and hazard control

Confined space entry during a rescue operation requires which of the following before entry?

  1. A verbal confirmation from a bystander that the space is safe
  2. Atmospheric testing, an entry permit, a standby attendant, and a rescue plan Correct answer.
  3. Entry as soon as the casualty is heard calling for help
  4. Only a hard hat and safety boots

Explanation

Confined space rescue requires pre-entry atmospheric testing, a permit, a trained standby attendant outside, and a rescue plan with retrieval equipment. Hearing a casualty does not make the atmosphere safe; many confined space deaths are would-be rescuers.

Question 29Disaster and accident scene safety assessment and hazard control

At a mass casualty incident, what is the primary purpose of triage during the hazard control phase?

  1. To treat the most seriously injured first regardless of scene safety
  2. To move all casualties to the hospital as quickly as possible
  3. To document the identity of every casualty before treatment
  4. To sort casualties by treatment priority so resources are matched to need while the scene remains controlled Correct answer.

Explanation

Triage sorts casualties into priority categories so limited resources go to those with the greatest need and chance of survival. It is conducted only after the scene is made safe, and it is not the same as treating the most dramatic injury first. Documentation follows treatment priorities.

Question 30Disaster and accident scene safety assessment and hazard control

You must move a casualty from an immediate life threat such as an approaching fire. Which technique is appropriate?

  1. Roll the casualty into the recovery position and leave them
  2. Wait for a stretcher to arrive before moving
  3. Ask the casualty to crawl to safety unaided
  4. Use an emergency drag or carry to a safe point, then reassess and treat Correct answer.

Explanation

When an immediate life threat cannot be controlled in place, an emergency move such as a drag or carry is justified to reach safety. Spinal precautions are secondary to escaping the threat. Once at a safe point, reassess and treat.

Question 31Disaster and accident scene safety assessment and hazard control

Which sign at a hazardous materials scene indicates that you are approaching from the correct direction?

  1. Wind at your back pushing vapor away from you Correct answer.
  2. The placard is unreadable from your position
  3. Smoke and vapor drifting toward you
  4. Runoff flowing toward your position

Explanation

Approaching with the wind at your back keeps vapors and smoke moving away from you, which is the upwind approach. Vapor drifting toward you and runoff flowing toward you indicate a downwind or downhill position. An unreadable placard means you are too far or too close to assess safely.

Question 32Disaster and accident scene safety assessment and hazard control

A building has partially collapsed after an earthquake and you hear a casualty inside. What is the correct hazard control sequence?

  1. Enter immediately through the nearest opening
  2. Wait until the casualty stops calling before entering
  3. Use a ladder to reach the upper floor and enter through a window
  4. Conduct a structural size-up, isolate the collapse zone, and coordinate with USAR assets before entry Correct answer.

Explanation

Post-earthquake structures may have hidden voids, compromised load paths and aftershock risk. A structural size-up and collapse zone isolation must come first, with entry by trained urban search and rescue personnel. Improvised entry through windows or openings risks triggering further collapse.

Question 33Disaster and accident scene safety assessment and hazard control

During a water rescue at a flooded road, a vehicle is partially submerged with a person inside. Which action is correct?

  1. Swim to the vehicle and break the window
  2. Wade into the water to reach the vehicle
  3. Do not enter moving water; call for trained swift-water rescue and attempt reach or throw techniques from shore Correct answer.
  4. Enter the water with a rope tied to your waist

Explanation

Moving floodwater exerts force that can sweep away vehicles and rescuers, so untrained entry is prohibited. Reach, throw and call are the safe options from a stable point on shore. Trained swift-water rescuers with proper equipment handle contact rescue.

Question 34Disaster and accident scene safety assessment and hazard control

Which factor most strongly determines the exclusion zone radius at a hazardous materials release?

  1. The substance identity, release size, weather, and terrain Correct answer.
  2. The availability of ambulances
  3. The time of day and traffic volume
  4. The number of bystanders present

Explanation

The exclusion zone is sized from the product's hazards, the amount released, and how weather and terrain move the vapor or plume. Bystander counts, traffic and ambulance availability affect logistics but not the physical hazard boundary.

Question 35Disaster and accident scene safety assessment and hazard control

What is the purpose of a personnel accountability system at an incident scene?

  1. To determine who is at fault for the incident
  2. To record casualty insurance details
  3. To track which rescuer entered which hazard area and when Correct answer.
  4. To schedule shift breaks for responders

Explanation

Accountability systems track who is in the hazard area, their entry time and air supply, so a rapid intervention team can be tasked if someone is unaccounted for. They are a rescuer-safety control, not an administrative or liability tool.

Question 36Disaster and accident scene safety assessment and hazard control

You are the first rescuer at a scene where a chemical tanker is leaking and the driver is unconscious beside the truck. What is the correct sequence?

  1. Establish the hot zone, don respiratory and chemical PPE, then perform a rescue only if trained and equipped Correct answer.
  2. Approach from downwind to stay out of the sun
  3. Use a fire hose to wash the driver clean before moving them
  4. Drag the driver away first, then assess the leak

Explanation

The leak defines the hazard, so the hot zone must be set and appropriate PPE worn before any rescue attempt. Untrained rescue or washing a casualty with a hose can spread contamination and expose the rescuer. If you lack the PPE or training, you do not enter.

Question 37Disaster and accident scene safety assessment and hazard control

A rescuer working in a hot environment begins to show confusion and stops sweating. What is the correct hazard control action?

  1. Increase work rate to finish before the heat peaks
  2. Have the rescuer sit in the sun to rest
  3. Remove the rescuer from the work area, cool them actively, and arrange medical evaluation Correct answer.
  4. Continue work and offer water at the next break

Explanation

Confusion with cessation of sweating suggests heat stroke, a medical emergency. The rescuer must be removed from the hot environment, actively cooled and medically evaluated. Continuing work or resting in the sun worsens the condition.

Question 38Disaster and accident scene safety assessment and hazard control

Which of the following best describes the 'warm zone' at a hazardous materials incident?

  1. The public media staging area
  2. The uncontaminated area where the command post is located
  3. The area between hot and cold zones where decontamination and support occur Correct answer.
  4. The area inside the hot zone where the leak is located

Explanation

The warm zone is the transition area between the contaminated hot zone and the clean cold zone. It hosts decontamination, PPE doffing and support functions. The cold zone holds command and the public, while the hot zone contains the release.

Question 39Disaster and accident scene safety assessment and hazard control

During a trench rescue, the walls show tension cracks and the spoil pile is close to the edge. What is the correct action?

  1. Enter with a ladder and pull the casualty up
  2. Keep everyone out, remove the spoil to a safe distance, and shore the trench before entry Correct answer.
  3. Enter the trench quickly to remove the casualty before it collapses
  4. Have the casualty climb out on their own

Explanation

Tension cracks and spoil close to the edge indicate a high collapse risk. The spoil must be moved back and the trench shored before anyone enters. A cubic meter of soil can weigh over a tonne, so unprotected entry is lethal.

Question 40Disaster and accident scene safety assessment and hazard control

Which control is most effective for protecting rescuers from vehicle traffic at a highway crash scene?

  1. Wearing high-visibility clothing only
  2. Asking drivers to slow down verbally
  3. Establishing a taper with cones and a blocking vehicle upstream of the scene Correct answer.
  4. Working with your back to traffic to keep an eye on the casualty

Explanation

Traffic control works from upstream to downstream: a blocking vehicle and cone taper create a protected work area before the crash scene. High-visibility clothing alone does not stop vehicles. Working with your back to traffic removes your ability to react.

Question 41Disaster and accident scene safety assessment and hazard control

What does an oxygen reading of 19.5 percent on a confined space monitor indicate?

  1. The space is oxygen-enriched
  2. The monitor is faulty and should be ignored
  3. The atmosphere is at the lower acceptable limit and entry should not proceed without reassessment Correct answer.
  4. The atmosphere is safe for entry without respiratory protection

Explanation

19.5 percent oxygen is the threshold below which an atmosphere is considered oxygen-deficient. Entry should not proceed without reassessment and respiratory protection. It is not safe, not a monitor fault, and not oxygen-enriched.

Question 42Disaster and accident scene safety assessment and hazard control

At a scene where a casualty is impaled on a metal bar, which hazard control action is correct?

  1. Cut the bar with a torch near the casualty
  2. Stabilize the impaled object in place and transport with it, controlling bleeding around it Correct answer.
  3. Pull the bar out immediately to allow treatment
  4. Push the bar through to the other side

Explanation

An impaled object can tamponade bleeding and removal may cause fatal hemorrhage. Stabilize it in place, control bleeding around it and transport with the object. Cutting with a torch near the casualty risks burns and ignition.

Question 43Disaster and accident scene safety assessment and hazard control

Which action best manages the risk of secondary devices at a scene where an explosion has occurred?

  1. Ask bystanders to search the area for suspicious packages
  2. Move all casualties into a single building for shelter
  3. Treat the scene as a crime scene and a possible secondary device scene, withdraw to a safe distance and call bomb disposal Correct answer.
  4. Rush to the casualty immediately to reduce time on scene

Explanation

Explosion scenes may contain secondary devices designed to target responders, so the area is treated as a crime scene and held at a distance until bomb disposal clears it. Rushing in or using bystanders to search exposes people to additional blasts.

Question 44Disaster and accident scene safety assessment and hazard control

What is the correct action when a rescuer's SCBA low-air alarm activates inside a hazardous area?

  1. Continue the task and monitor the alarm
  2. Remove the facepiece to conserve air
  3. Exit the hazardous area immediately by the planned route and report to the entry control point Correct answer.
  4. Wait for a teammate to bring a replacement cylinder

Explanation

A low-air alarm means the air supply is near its reserve and the rescuer must exit immediately by the planned route. Removing the facepiece in a hazardous atmosphere is dangerous, and waiting inside consumes the remaining reserve.

Question 45Patient assessment, triage and casualty transport

During the primary survey of a trauma casualty, which finding is assessed first under the ABCDE approach?

  1. Airway patency with protection of the cervical spine Correct answer.
  2. Disability using the Glasgow Coma Scale
  3. Circulation with control of external hemorrhage
  4. Breathing effort and bilateral chest expansion

Explanation

The ABCDE primary survey always begins with Airway, including cervical spine protection in trauma, because an obstructed airway kills faster than any other problem. Breathing, circulation, and disability are assessed only after airway patency is confirmed and secured.

Question 46Patient assessment, triage and casualty transport

An adult casualty is unresponsive and not breathing normally. According to current basic life support guidance, what is the correct immediate action?

  1. Start chest compressions at 100-120 per minute Correct answer.
  2. Check the radial pulse for one full minute
  3. Place the casualty in the recovery position
  4. Give two slow rescue breaths before compressions

Explanation

An unresponsive adult who is not breathing normally is in cardiac arrest, and high-quality chest compressions at 100-120 per minute must begin immediately. Delay for breaths, positioning, or prolonged pulse checks reduces survival.

Question 47Patient assessment, triage and casualty transport

A casualty has a spurting wound on the forearm. Which method is the first-line control of this external hemorrhage?

  1. Direct pressure on the wound with a dressing Correct answer.
  2. Packing the wound with hemostatic gauze immediately
  3. Elevation of the limb above the heart alone
  4. Application of a tourniquet proximal to the wound

Explanation

Direct pressure applied firmly over the bleeding point with a dressing is the first-line measure for external hemorrhage. Tourniquets and hemostatic packing are reserved for bleeding that direct pressure fails to control.

Question 48Patient assessment, triage and casualty transport

What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for one-rescuer adult CPR?

  1. 10 compressions to 1 ventilation
  2. 5 compressions to 2 ventilations
  3. 30 compressions to 2 ventilations Correct answer.
  4. 15 compressions to 2 ventilations

Explanation

For adult CPR the universal ratio is 30 compressions followed by 2 ventilations, whether one or two rescuers are present. This ratio maximizes coronary perfusion while limiting interruptions.

Question 49Patient assessment, triage and casualty transport

Which casualty is correctly classified as immediate (red) in a mass-casualty triage system?

  1. A casualty with a closed femur fracture and stable vital signs
  2. A casualty with no spontaneous breathing after airway opening
  3. A casualty with a sucking chest wound and severe respiratory distress Correct answer.
  4. A casualty who is walking and asking for help

Explanation

Immediate or red casualties have life-threatening injuries that are treatable with prompt intervention, such as a sucking chest wound with respiratory distress. They require priority transport and treatment.

Question 50Patient assessment, triage and casualty transport

When should a casualty be placed in the recovery position?

  1. When a tension pneumothorax is suspected and needle decompression is pending
  2. When the casualty has an open abdominal wound with protruding bowel
  3. When breathing is present but consciousness is impaired and no spinal injury is suspected Correct answer.
  4. When the casualty is in cardiac arrest and compressions are about to start

Explanation

The recovery position protects the airway of a breathing but unconscious casualty by allowing drainage of secretions and reducing aspiration risk. It is contraindicated when spinal injury is suspected or when resuscitation is required.