Gaokao Politics flashcards
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26 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Practice
- Material and social activity treated in the named epistemological framework as a source, purpose and test of cognition.
- Cognition
- The process and content of understanding considered in relation to evidence, concepts and the practical context of a question.
- Contradiction
- A relationship between opposing aspects within the stated dialectical framework, requiring examination of their concrete conditions and interaction.
- Primary contradiction
- The contradiction identified as central among several in a defined situation, distinguished from an aspect within one contradiction.
- Principal aspect
- The aspect treated as dominant within a particular contradiction, distinguished from choosing the primary contradiction among several.
- Quantitative change
- Accumulation or variation in degree within a stated model, which does not alone prove that every qualitative threshold has been crossed.
- Qualitative change
- A change in character or organization within the stated framework, requiring identification of what has changed rather than repetition alone.
- Dialectical negation
- Transformation described as overcoming some elements while retaining and developing others, rather than indiscriminate rejection of everything inherited.
- Productive forces
- People and their productive capacities and means considered in material production, distinguished from the social relations governing production.
- Relations of production
- Social relationships involved in production, including relevant ownership, organization and distribution arrangements under the named theoretical account.
- Historical materialism
- A theoretical approach relating social development and ideas to material production and social conditions, requiring context when applied to particular events.
- Use value
- A commodity's capacity to satisfy a need in Marxist political economy, distinguished from its value or a quoted market price.
- Externality
- A relevant consequence of activity falling outside the private transaction considered, such as pollution costs imposed on neighboring people.
- Price elasticity of demand
- A measure of quantity-demanded responsiveness to a price change under a stated convention and comparison of conditions.
- Fiscal policy
- Public revenue and expenditure decisions considered through their intended economic mechanisms, distinguished from a central bank interest-rate instrument.
- Monetary policy
- Action concerning money, interest or credit conditions through the relevant monetary institutions, distinguished from a particular public spending decision.
- Redistribution
- Reallocation through mechanisms such as public taxes and transfers after relevant production and market-income flows have occurred.
- Social protection
- Arrangements addressing specified risks or basic needs through mechanisms that can differ in coverage, financing and eligibility.
- Procedural accountability
- Exercising authority through appropriate reasons, information and opportunities to respond within the applicable framework rather than arbitrary action.
- Institutional oversight
- Scrutiny of performance or implementation through the relevant institutional role, distinguished from deciding every individual dispute as a court.
- Consultation
- A structured opportunity to gather and examine views that does not automatically transfer every formal decision power to the participants.
- Policy mechanism
- The proposed connection between an intervention and an outcome, distinguished from evidence that the expected effect actually occurred.
- Causal inference
- Reasoning about the effect of an intervention while considering competing explanations, rather than attributing every later change to that intervention.
- Comparative advantage
- An advantage in relative opportunity cost that can support specialization, distinguished from absolute productivity in one activity alone.
- Map scale
- A ratio relating a map distance to ground distance in compatible units, without determining safe passage or operational permission.
- Historical chronology
- The ordering and dating of events, which helps distinguish an original occurrence from later commemoration and interpretation.