Kaoyan key terms

The central proposition a passage advances, distinguished from examples, background details and ideas the writer attributes to someone else.

A conclusion supported by the supplied information, which should not add an assumption merely because it sounds plausible.

Acknowledgment of a competing or limiting point within an argument, which does not necessarily abandon the main conclusion.

The word or idea to which a pronoun or expression points in context, requiring grammatical and logical agreement.

The part of a proposition affected by a negative expression, which can change meaning when its position or extent changes.

Preservation of the intended meaning, logical relation and degree of a source statement rather than an unrelated word-by-word arrangement.

The set of allowed input values for a function or expression, checked before operations involving roots, logarithms and denominators.

A local rate-of-change quantity defined by the relevant limit, distinguished from the function value or an accumulated integral.

A signed accumulated quantity over a specified interval, interpreted with the integrand and relevant assumptions rather than treated as always positive area.

A point at which the derivative is zero where it exists, which need not be a local maximum or minimum.

The dimension of the independent row or column information in a matrix, distinguished from its number of entries or determinant value.

The existence of a matrix inverse under the applicable square-matrix conditions, not a property inferred from one nonzero entry.

The set of outcomes described by a probability model, with equal likelihood established rather than assumed from a list.

The probability of an event given another event, using the conditioning event as the reference set when its probability is positive.

A relationship in which learning one event does not change the probability of another under the specified model and conditions.

A relationship in which events cannot occur together in one trial, distinct from independence for positive-probability events.

The probability-weighted average of a random quantity under a model, which need not equal any single realized observation.

Systematic distortion from how observations enter a sample, which is not automatically eliminated by making the sample larger.

The stated intellectual or curricular system within which a question asks for an interpretation, distinguished from an unqualified universal claim.

The intended admission pathway and subject combination, which must be established from actual requirements rather than assumed uniform across Kaoyan.