Public Health Practitioner (China) key terms

New events occurring among a defined population at risk during a specified observation interval or person-time.

Existing cases in a specified population at a defined time or period, distinct from new-case frequency.

Distortion of an exposure-outcome comparison by a separate factor requiring an appropriate causal interpretation and analysis.

The proportion of people with the specified condition classified positive by a test under the evaluated conditions.

The proportion of people without the specified condition classified negative by a test under the evaluated conditions.

The probability of the specified condition or its absence conditional on an observed test result in context.

The route connecting a source through an environmental medium and contact to a potentially affected person or population.

Complementary controls at different stages that reduce distinct hazards rather than depend entirely on a single protective step.

An atmospheric temperature pattern that can suppress vertical mixing and contribute to accumulation of ground-level air pollutants.

An ordered prevention approach favoring hazard elimination and source measures over dependence solely on individual protective equipment.

Planned observation of workers’ health findings that supports prevention and follow-up without replacing effective exposure control.

An exposure average calculated over a stated interval that does not necessarily capture short-duration peak hazards.

The essential amino acid present in the lowest proportion relative to the selected reference requirement pattern.

A harmful substance already present in food before consumption, potentially remaining hazardous after the producing organism is reduced.

A population nutrition planning or assessment value that is not automatically a diagnostic threshold for every individual.

The intrinsic potential of an agent or circumstance to cause harm, distinct from the risk under a particular exposure.

A factor used in a specified risk assessment to address evidence limitations or extrapolation rather than a universal fixed constant.

Biological alteration of a compound that can facilitate elimination or generate a metabolite with different toxicological properties.

Explicit criteria for counting cases consistently in surveillance or investigation, distinct from every individual clinical diagnostic decision.

Systematic collection at selected sites or groups to monitor trends without assuming complete enumeration of every population case.

A display of cases by time that supports hypotheses about exposure and transmission without proving the source alone.

Attention to avoidable and unfair differences in health and access, including structural barriers affecting different population groups.

An explicit representation linking programme resources and activities to outputs and intended outcomes through stated assumptions.

An apparent increase in survival measured from earlier diagnosis without necessarily delaying death or reducing population mortality.