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Ruankao Information System Supervisor (Intermediate) study materials
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Ruankao Information System Supervisor (Intermediate) practice questions

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Question 1Information-system supervision, independence and evidence

In 信息系统工程监理, which three parties form the basic contractual triangle of an information-system project?

  1. MIIT, MOHRSS, and the provincial testing authority only
  2. The end-user department, the advertising agency, and the cloud reseller
  3. The 测评机构, the antivirus vendor, and the hardware distributor only
  4. 建设单位 (owner), 承建单位 (contractor), and 监理单位 (supervision unit) Correct answer.

Explanation

信息系统工程监理 is organized around three parties: the owner (建设单位/业主单位) who pays for the system, the contractor (承建单位) who implements it, and the independent 监理单位 engaged by the owner. Official 考试说明 treats 监理 as a professional service that supervises implementation rather than replacing the owner or the contractor. The exam body and vendors are not the project triangle.

Question 2Information-system supervision, independence and evidence

A 监理单位 is also hired as the software 承建单位 on the same e-government project and will write the application code it is supposed to supervise. What principle is primarily violated?

  1. The rule that 软考 must be taken in English
  2. The requirement that every project use waterfall only
  3. Independence and impartiality of 监理 Correct answer.
  4. The owner's right to change the project name

Explanation

监理 is a third-party supervisory service. If the same organization implements the system it is engaged to supervise, it cannot impartially control quality, progress, investment, or change. Official 考试说明 expects 监理师 to apply 监理 methods and ethics, which include not acting as the contractor on the same assignment.

Question 3Information-system supervision, independence and evidence

The official 信息系统监理师考试说明 lists 掌握 methods that include quality, progress, and investment control plus change control, contract management, information management, security management, and which additional heading?

  1. Issuing 等保 certificates as the 测评机构
  2. 组织协调 (organization and coordination) Correct answer.
  3. Writing the contractor's source code in place of developers
  4. Setting the national 软考 passing score each sitting

Explanation

The official 考试说明 requires mastering 质量控制, 进度控制, 投资控制, 变更控制, 合同管理, 信息管理, 安全管理, and 组织协调, and applying them on information-network and information-application systems. Coordination among owner, contractor, and specialists is part of that 掌握 list. 监理 does not replace developers, the exam office, or the 等级测评 institution.

Question 4Information-system supervision, independence and evidence

After the 监理合同 is signed, who typically hosts compilation of the project's 监理规划 (supervision plan)?

  1. 总监理工程师 (chief supervision engineer) Correct answer.
  2. A junior 监理员 acting alone without 总监 involvement
  3. The contractor's coding team lead
  4. The provincial 软考 office

Explanation

监理规划 is the job-level plan prepared after the 监理 assignment is awarded. Teaching and GB/T 19668-style document practice place 监理规划 under the 总监理工程师, who organizes the 监理机构 to write it for the owner's project. A 监理员 or the contractor cannot own that plan, and 软考 administration is unrelated.

Question 5Information-system supervision, independence and evidence

A 专业监理工程师 drafts a 监理实施细则 for the data-center electrical package. Whose approval is required before that 细则 is used on site?

  1. Any technician from a competing 监理 firm
  2. The antivirus product manager
  3. A social-media influencer covering 软考
  4. 总监理工程师 Correct answer.

Explanation

监理实施细则 are specialty-level working instructions under the 监理规划. They are prepared by professional 监理工程师 for a defined work package and are approved by the 总监理工程师 before implementation. Outside firms, vendors, and media have no approval role on the project's 细则.

Question 6Information-system supervision, independence and evidence

The 监理合同 is typically signed between which two parties?

  1. Two competing 承建单位 as a coding joint venture
  2. The candidate and ruankao.org.cn for the practice bank
  3. 建设单位 and 监理单位 Correct answer.
  4. 承建单位 and the 测评机构 only

Explanation

监理 is a service the owner buys. The 监理合同 is between 建设单位 and 监理单位. The implementation contract is a separate owner–contractor agreement. Mixing those two contracts is a common 应用技术 trap.

Question 7Information-system supervision, independence and evidence

The software implementation contract on the same project is typically signed between which two parties?

  1. The help-desk vendor and the advertising agency only
  2. 建设单位 and 承建单位 Correct answer.
  3. 监理单位 and the 软考 office
  4. Two 专业监理工程师 as private individuals

Explanation

The owner contracts with the 承建单位 for implementation. 监理 supervises that contract; it is not itself the implementation contractor. Keeping the two contracts distinct is core 监理 judgment.

Question 8Information-system supervision, independence and evidence

Which statement best describes the relationship between 信息系统工程监理 and the contractor's project manager?

  1. 监理 supervises performance against contract and standards; it does not replace the contractor's project manager Correct answer.
  2. 监理 becomes the contractor's only project manager and fires the 承建单位 staff
  3. 监理 must write all application source code so the PM can leave site
  4. 监理 has no role once a PM is named

Explanation

Official 考试说明 expects 监理师 to organize and implement 监理, not to absorb the contractor's management. The 承建单位 still plans, codes, and delivers; 监理 controls, records, and coordinates. Replacing the PM or writing the product is outside 监理.

Question 9Information-system supervision, independence and evidence

On an information-network cutover, 旁站 (witnessing) is the 监理 method that best matches which action?

  1. Only reading last month's invoice without visiting the equipment room
  2. Posting the owner's password on a public wiki
  3. Rewriting the routing protocol source in a vendor OS
  4. Remaining at the critical process and witnessing it in real time Correct answer.

Explanation

旁站 means the 监理人员 are present for a defined critical activity (for example a cutover, a hidden cabling close-up, or a factory witness test) and record what actually happened. It is not desktop invoice review, a confidentiality breach, or becoming the product engineer.

Question 10Information-system supervision, independence and evidence

Which 监理 quality method is a scheduled or random patrol of the site or work products rather than continuous witnessing of one process?

  1. Deleting the 监理日志 so findings disappear
  2. Letting the contractor mark its own hidden works without records
  3. 巡视 Correct answer.
  4. 平行检验 only, with no site presence ever

Explanation

巡视 is patrol-style inspection of progress, methods, and site conditions. 平行检验 is independent sampling or testing; it is a different method. Destroying records or skipping hidden-work evidence is malpractice, not a method.

Question 11Information-system supervision, independence and evidence

What does 平行检验 mean in 信息系统工程监理 quality control?

  1. Replacing 等保 evaluation with a marketing slide
  2. 监理 independently samples or tests instead of relying only on the contractor's report Correct answer.
  3. The owner and contractor use the same unchecked spreadsheet as the only evidence
  4. Skipping all tests because the brochure claims 'military grade'

Explanation

平行检验 is a 监理 quality method: the 监理机构 performs or witnesses independent checks (samples, measurements, test reviews) in parallel with the contractor's own quality work. Brochure claims and marketing slides are not inspection.

Question 12Information-system supervision, independence and evidence

Which set is a legitimate basis (依据) for 信息系统工程监理 work on a government information-system project?

  1. Applicable laws and standards, the signed contracts, and the approved design/requirement baselines Correct answer.
  2. An anonymous forum post that 'everyone skips testing'
  3. A competitor's confidential bid prices leaked at lunch
  4. A verbal promise that defects will be 'fixed later' with no record

Explanation

监理依据 are the legal, contractual, and approved technical baselines. Official 考试说明 requires mastering related policies, laws, standards, and 监理 methods. Leaked bids, anonymous posts, and unrecorded promises are not 依据.

Question 13Information-system supervision, independence and evidence

总监负责制 on an information-system 监理 project primarily means which of the following?

  1. Every 监理员 may issue 停工 orders without telling the 总监
  2. The owner's department head automatically acts as 总监 for the project
  3. Accountability sits only with the 软考 scoring computer
  4. The 总监理工程师 is accountable for the 监理 institution's work on that project Correct answer.

Explanation

信息系统监理 teaching uses 总监负责制: the appointed 总监理工程师 leads the 监理机构 and is accountable for 监理 performance on the assignment. Delegating every coercive instruction to unsupervised 监理员, or treating an intern or the exam system as 总监, contradicts that rule.

Question 14Information-system supervision, independence and evidence

The owner tells 监理 to hide failed optical-link test results so the payment node can be signed this week. What should the 监理师 do?

  1. Delete the 监理日志 entries that mention the failure
  2. Post the raw traces on a public social network as 'transparency'
  3. Refuse to falsify records, document the failure, and report according to the 监理合同 and ethics rules Correct answer.
  4. Rewrite the OTDR traces to show pass and sign 隐蔽工程 acceptance

Explanation

Official 考试说明 requires familiarity with 监理师职业道德. Falsifying quality evidence to unlock payment is a classic ethics fail. 监理 must keep true records, notify the owner through proper channels, and not leak technical data publicly.

Question 15Information-system supervision, independence and evidence

According to the official 信息系统监理师考试说明, which pair of subjects is set for this qualification?

  1. A driving-licence practical test plus a medical exam
  2. 信息系统工程监理基础知识 (computer-based choice) and 信息系统工程监理应用技术 (computer-based short-answer) Correct answer.
  3. Only a 120-minute English oral interview with no written paper
  4. Only a 论文 paper with no 基础知识 subject

Explanation

The official 考试说明 states two subjects: 信息系统工程监理基础知识 as a computerized choice paper and 信息系统工程监理应用技术 as a computerized short-answer paper. Intermediate 软考 uses a 240-minute combined sitting. There is no 论文 subject at this intermediate qualification, unlike some senior 软考 papers.

Question 16Project quality, evidence and process variation

In 信息系统工程监理, 质量控制 primarily means ensuring deliverables and processes meet which of the following?

  1. Agreed requirements, standards, and contract quality criteria Correct answer.
  2. The contractor's wish to skip tests to save calendar time only
  3. The cheapest possible component regardless of the specification
  4. A social-media 'looks fine' screenshot

Explanation

Quality in 监理 is conformance to specified requirements, applicable standards, and contract criteria. Official 考试说明 lists 质量控制 as a 掌握 method. Schedule pressure, lowest price, or informal screenshots do not define quality.

Question 17Project quality, evidence and process variation

Which cycle is the standard quality-management loop used when 监理 checks that a contractor's defect-correction process actually improves later builds?

  1. Randomly deleting failing test cases until the dashboard is green
  2. Paying invoices before any quality evidence exists, then stopping all checks
  3. Replacing testing with a single kickoff slideshow
  4. PDCA (plan–do–check–act) Correct answer.

Explanation

PDCA is the usual quality-improvement loop: plan the control, do the work, check evidence, act on gaps. 监理 uses it when reviewing the contractor's quality system. Deleting failures or skipping checks is the opposite of 质量控制.

Question 18Project quality, evidence and process variation

A 质量控制点 (quality hold point) is best described as which of the following?

  1. The owner's annual holiday calendar only
  2. A marketing milestone with no technical criterion
  3. A defined activity or product that must be inspected or witnessed before work proceeds Correct answer.
  4. Any milestone date printed on the contractor's Gantt chart

Explanation

Hold points are planned quality gates (for example completing cabling certification, freezing requirements, or witnessing a factory test) where 监理 must check evidence before the next stage. They are specified in 监理规划/细则, not informal breaks or publicity dates.

Question 19Project quality, evidence and process variation

Why is end-of-project inspection alone insufficient for 信息系统工程 质量控制?

  1. Standards forbid any testing until users complain in production
  2. 监理 is only allowed on the last calendar day
  3. Networks cannot be tested before the warranty expires
  4. Many defects are cheaper to prevent or find in requirements, design, and staged tests than after go-live Correct answer.

Explanation

Quality must be built in through process control, reviews, and staged tests. Official 考试说明 also requires mastering 监理中的测试要求与方法. Waiting for production complaints is the opposite of 监理.

Question 20Project quality, evidence and process variation

A approved change alters a shared API. Besides updating documents, what quality activity should 监理 particularly require?

  1. Skipping integration test because the change was 'small'
  2. Replacing the API spec with an unofficial chat screenshot
  3. Regression testing of affected interfaces and downstream modules Correct answer.
  4. Deleting interface logs so old defects cannot be seen

Explanation

Interface changes are a classic 变更-driven quality risk. 监理 should require regression of consumers and an updated baseline spec. Hiding logs or treating 'small' as 'untested' is a 应用技术 fail.

Question 21Project quality, evidence and process variation

Which cost-of-quality grouping should 监理 prefer to see funded before coding starts on a safety-related module?

  1. Only reprinting the kickoff banner
  2. Prevention and appraisal (reviews, test design, standards) rather than only external failure after go-live Correct answer.
  3. Only emergency patches after citizens are already harmed
  4. Only overtime meals with no reviews

Explanation

Prevention (process, training, design review) and appraisal (tests, inspections) cost less than external failure on information systems that affect safety or public service. 监理 investment and quality control should push those activities into the plan, not wait for harm.

Question 22Project quality, evidence and process variation

Crashing a delayed software milestone usually has which immediate 投资 and quality implication that 监理 must surface?

  1. Added cost (extra staff or overtime) and possible quality risk if tests are squeezed Correct answer.
  2. Guaranteed zero extra cost and zero quality risk
  3. Automatic CPI improvement without measuring AC
  4. Cancellation of 招标投标法 for the remainder of the year

Explanation

Crashing buys calendar time with resources, so AC rises and CPI may worsen; compressed test windows threaten quality. 监理 should make that trade-off explicit in 进度/投资/质量 coordination. Law is not suspended by crashing.

Question 23Project scope, scheduling and earned-value models

Which work is the strongest candidate for 旁站 rather than only a later paper review?

  1. Reviewing the contractor's monthly progress report at the owner's office
  2. Closing a raised-floor void after power-cable routing that will be hidden Correct answer.
  3. Reading a draft glossary of user-interface labels in a wiki
  4. Filing the approved 监理规划 into the project document set

Explanation

Hidden works that cannot be fully re-inspected after close-up (cabling in voids, grounding bonds, fire-seal penetrations) are classic 旁站 or hold-point targets. Cosmetic documentation chores are not 旁站 drivers.

Question 24Project scope, scheduling and earned-value models

On a software project, 监理 insists on 平行检验 of a critical calculation module. Which action matches that method?

  1. Commissioning or performing an independent test or review rather than accepting only the contractor's self-test log Correct answer.
  2. Deleting the contractor's unit tests so 监理 looks busier
  3. Shipping to production with no tests because the demo went well
  4. Re-reading the contractor's own unit-test log a second time and signing it off

Explanation

平行检验 means 监理 does not rely solely on contractor-generated quality records. For software that can include independent test execution, sampling of cases, or a third-party test review. Destroying tests or skipping them is not inspection.

Question 25Project scope, scheduling and earned-value models

Using earned-value notation, schedule performance index SPI is which ratio?

  1. AC / EV
  2. PV / AC
  3. CV / SV
  4. EV / PV Correct answer.

Explanation

SPI = earned value ÷ planned value (EV/PV). SPI < 1 means less work earned than planned (behind schedule). CPI uses actual cost in the denominator (EV/AC). Mixing SPI with cost formulas is a common trap.

Question 26Project scope, scheduling and earned-value models

CPI is 0.80 on an integration project. How should 监理 interpret that index?

  1. Quality hold points may be skipped because CPI is a quality score
  2. SPI must also be 0.80 by definition
  3. Cost performance is unfavorable: each RMB of actual cost is earning only 0.80 RMB of value Correct answer.
  4. The project is automatically 20% ahead of schedule

Explanation

CPI = EV/AC. A value below 1 means over cost relative to earned work. CPI does not by itself state schedule position (that is SPI) and is not permission to skip quality. SPI and CPI are independent unless EV, PV, and AC happen to produce the same ratio.

Question 27Project scope, scheduling and earned-value models

Schedule variance SV is negative. What does that mean?

  1. All critical-path activities have positive total float
  2. EV is less than PV: earned work is behind the plan Correct answer.
  3. The owner has legally cancelled 招标投标法
  4. CPI must be greater than 2

Explanation

SV = EV − PV. Negative SV means less value earned than planned to date (behind schedule in earned-value terms). It does not repeal procurement law, force a CPI value, or imply spare float on the critical path.

Question 28Project scope, scheduling and earned-value models

A software 监理 monthly cut has EV = RMB 800,000, PV = RMB 1,000,000, and AC = RMB 900,000. Which reading is correct?

  1. SPI = 0.80 (behind) and CPI ≈ 0.89 (over cost) Correct answer.
  2. SPI = 1.25 and CPI = 1.13, so the project is ahead and under cost
  3. SPI = 0.80 but CPI = 1.13 because AC is ignored
  4. Both indexes equal 1.00 because 监理 is present

Explanation

SPI = 800,000/1,000,000 = 0.80 (behind plan). CPI = 800,000/900,000 ≈ 0.89 (over cost). Inverting the ratios is the usual arithmetic trap. Presence of 监理 does not reset indexes to 1.

Question 29Project scope, scheduling and earned-value models

On a network-implementation schedule, the critical path is best defined as which of the following?

  1. The shortest path, which can always be ignored
  2. Any path drawn in red on a slide regardless of durations
  3. The path that contains only documentation tasks
  4. The longest path through the network; it determines the minimum project duration Correct answer.

Explanation

The critical path is the longest duration path; its length is the shortest possible project duration given the logic. Activities on it typically have zero total float. Color on a slide is not the definition.

Question 30Project scope, scheduling and earned-value models

Total float on a critical-path activity is typically which value when the network has no imposed negative float?

  1. Always 50 percent of duration
  2. Equal to SPI automatically
  3. Zero Correct answer.
  4. Always equal to the project budget in RMB

Explanation

Total float is the time an activity can slip without delaying the project end. On the critical path that slack is zero (absent constraints that create negative float). Float is not a budget or SPI number.

Question 31Project scope, scheduling and earned-value models

The contractor proposes to overlap design and coding that were planned in sequence, without adding staff. 监理 should classify this recovery tactic as which of the following?

  1. A 招标投标法 bid-opening method
  2. Fast tracking, which usually increases rework risk Correct answer.
  3. Crashing, which always reduces risk to zero
  4. Deleting the critical path from the contract

Explanation

Fast tracking overlaps phases that were sequential; it can shorten calendar time but raises rework and quality risk-监理 should increase hold points. Crashing shortens duration by adding resources/cost. Neither erases the critical path or replaces procurement law.

Question 32Project scope, scheduling and earned-value models

Why does 信息系统工程监理 emphasize 投资控制 from the planning and design stages, not only at final payment?

  1. Earlier decisions lock a larger share of life-cycle cost; late inspection cannot recover sunk design choices Correct answer.
  2. Money can only be counted on the last calendar day of the project
  3. 招标投标法 forbids any payment review before go-live
  4. 监理 fees replace all project investment, so design cost is irrelevant

Explanation

Investment influence is highest early (requirements, architecture, bill of quantities). Official 考试说明 lists 投资控制 as a 掌握 method across 监理, including application-system work. Late counting cannot undo committed scope. 监理费 is a service fee, not the project investment.

Question 33Project scope, scheduling and earned-value models

Which sequence of cost documents is the usual order from estimate to close-out on a government information-system project?

  1. 决算 → 概算 → 结算 → 预算
  2. 结算 only, skipping all earlier estimates
  3. A social-media crowdfunding page in place of 概算
  4. 概算 → 预算 → 结算 → 决算 Correct answer.

Explanation

Chinese public-project cost language runs 设计概算, 施工图/实施预算, 过程/完工结算, then 竣工决算. 监理 reviews payments against those baselines. Reversing the order or skipping estimates is a common distractor.

Question 34Project scope, scheduling and earned-value models

A user representative asks the contractor in a meeting to add a mobile app that was not in the signed scope. What is the correct 监理 first action?

  1. Ignore the request and also hide it from the owner
  2. Increase SPI by rewriting last month's EV
  3. Require a written change request and impact analysis on quality, progress, and investment before any extra work is treated as authorized Correct answer.
  4. Tell the contractor to start coding immediately because the user sounded urgent

Explanation

Official 考试说明 lists 变更控制 as a 掌握 method. Extra scope needs written change control: impact on quality, schedule, and cost, then owner approval. Verbal urgency is not authorization. Falsifying EV is unethical.

Question 35Project scope, scheduling and earned-value models

The owner gives a hallway instruction to 'just add two more agencies to the rollout this month' with no change form. The contractor starts procurement. What should 监理 do?

  1. Delete the hallway conversation from the 监理日志
  2. Stop treating the extra agencies as approved scope until change control is completed; record the instruction and the risk Correct answer.
  3. Sign a false statement that the original contract already included those agencies
  4. Pay the extra invoices from 监理费 because it is simpler

Explanation

监理 cannot convert hallway talk into contract scope. Record the instruction, notify that change control is required, and prevent silent baseline drift. Forging the original contract, spending 监理费 as project investment, or destroying logs are all wrong.

Question 36Project scope, scheduling and earned-value models

After a change is properly approved, what should happen to the performance measurement baseline used for 进度控制 and 投资控制?

  1. Update the baseline to include the approved change, then measure against the new plan Correct answer.
  2. Keep the old baseline forever and punish the contractor for the approved extra work
  3. Erase all previous progress curves so SPI always equals 1
  4. Replace earned value with a single thumbs-up emoji

Explanation

Approved changes amend scope, time, and/or cost baselines. Measuring new work against an unupdated baseline makes SPI/CPI meaningless. Erasing history or replacing metrics with emojis is not 监理.

Question 37Project scope, scheduling and earned-value models

A Gantt chart is most useful to 监理 for which progress view?

  1. Replacing the need for a logic network on a complex project with thousands of dependencies
  2. Computing CPI without cost data
  3. Proving that float is always 30 days
  4. Calendar start/finish of bars versus time, including overlaps Correct answer.

Explanation

Gantt (bar) charts show timing and overlap clearly and are common in 监理月报. Complex logic still needs a network (PERT/CPM) for float and critical path. Gantt does not compute CPI or invent float.

Question 38Project scope, scheduling and earned-value models

Resource leveling, as opposed to crashing, primarily aims to do which of the following?

  1. Delete quality hold points
  2. Convert 监理规划 into a 招标公告
  3. Smooth resource demand, often by delaying non-critical work within float Correct answer.
  4. Always shorten the critical path at any cost

Explanation

Leveling redistributes work to reduce peaks, typically using float rather than adding cost. It may extend duration if float is insufficient. It is not crashing, not a quality waiver, and not a bidding document.

Question 39Project scope, scheduling and earned-value models

SPI is 0.72 two months before a statutory go-live. Which 监理 response is appropriate?

  1. Declare 变更控制 unnecessary because the date is statutory
  2. Report the slip, require a recoverable plan that protects hold points, and coordinate owner decisions on scope or resources Correct answer.
  3. Hide the SPI in an appendix and sign that progress is 'basically on track'
  4. Instruct the contractor to skip all remaining tests

Explanation

监理进度控制 is to surface forecast problems early (official 考试说明 expects 监理师 to organize 监理, not to conceal). Recovery may involve crashing, fast tracking, or scope change-but quality gates stay. A statutory date does not waive change control if scope or resources must move.

Question 40Project scope, scheduling and earned-value models

Before recommending an interim software payment, 监理 should primarily verify which pairing?

  1. Reported progress is backed by quality-accepted deliverables, not only a percent-complete claim Correct answer.
  2. The contractor's holiday photos look busy
  3. The 监理 team was invited to dinner
  4. The contractor's internal burndown chart shows the sprint at 100 percent

Explanation

投资控制 on information systems ties payment to evidence: completed, reviewed/tested configuration items, not vanity percent-complete. Hospitality and blogs are not payment certificates.

Question 41Procurement choices, supplied contracts and incentives

Under 招标投标法 concepts, 公开招标 is the method in which the tenderer does which of the following?

  1. Calls only one named friend by private phone and forbids anyone else to bid
  2. Awards the contract before any announcement exists
  3. Lets 监理 pick a winner without any bidding documents
  4. Invites unspecified legal persons or other organizations to bid by publishing a 招标公告 Correct answer.

Explanation

公开招标 uses a public 招标公告 to invite unspecified qualified bidders. That is the basic 招标投标法 distinction from 邀请招标, which uses 投标邀请书 to named invitees. Private one-party awards and 监理 substituting for bidding are not 公开招标.

Question 42Procurement choices, supplied contracts and incentives

邀请招标, as defined in 招标投标法 concepts, uses which instrument?

  1. A 中标通知书 issued before any bids are received
  2. An internal 监理日志 entry with no invitees
  3. A 投标邀请书 sent to specific legal persons or other organizations Correct answer.
  4. A 招标公告 to the entire unspecified market as the only step

Explanation

邀请招标 invites specific organizations by 投标邀请书. 公开招标 is the announcement-to-unspecified-bidders method. 监理 documents are not bidding invitations.

Question 43Procurement choices, supplied contracts and incentives

When a tenderer uses 邀请招标, 招标投标法 requires the invitation to go to how many capable, reputable specific organizations (at least)?

  1. One hundred, as a fixed nationwide quota for every project
  2. Three or more Correct answer.
  3. Exactly one, to keep competition at zero
  4. Zero, because invitations are optional in all cases

Explanation

The published 招标投标法 rule is that 邀请招标 shall send 投标邀请书 to three or more capable, good-credit specific legal persons or other organizations. Inventing a nationwide 100-invitee quota or allowing a single invitee is wrong. This bank states the concept without relying on a memorized article number.

Question 44Procurement choices, supplied contracts and incentives

Bid opening (开标) under 招标投标法 concepts shall occur when and how?

  1. Publicly, at the same time as the bid-submission deadline and at the place stated in the bidding documents Correct answer.
  2. Secretly a week later in an unnamed teahouse
  3. Whenever 监理 feels the lowest price looks convenient
  4. Only after the owner has already signed with a preferred vendor

Explanation

开标 is public, at the deadline time and at the pre-stated place, hosted by the tenderer with bidders invited. Secret delayed opening, 监理-selected moments, or post-award theater violate the concept.

Question 45Procurement choices, supplied contracts and incentives

Who is legally responsible for evaluating bids (评标) on a project that must use bidding?

  1. The 监理员 acting alone after dinner with one bidder
  2. The first person to comment on a social-media post
  3. The contractor that has not yet bid
  4. A 评标委员会 formed by the tenderer according to 招标投标法 rules Correct answer.

Explanation

评标 is performed by a 评标委员会 the tenderer forms under 招标投标法. 监理 may assist the owner in the bidding stage (document review, process supervision) but does not replace the committee. Social media and a non-bidder contractor are not the committee.

Question 46Procurement choices, supplied contracts and incentives

For an legally must-bid project, 招标投标法 concepts require the 评标委员会 to have which composition feature?

  1. Only the 总监 and the contractor's sales lead
  2. An even number of members so votes can tie forever
  3. Five or more members in an odd number, with technical/economic experts not less than two-thirds Correct answer.
  4. Exactly two owner staff and no experts

Explanation

The published statutory concept is a committee of five or more in an odd number, with technical and economic experts at least two-thirds of the members. Owner-only pairs, 总监-plus-sales, or even-sized deadlock designs are not that rule. This item tests the concept without asking you to recite an article number.

Question 47Procurement choices, supplied contracts and incentives

Two bidders agree to take turns winning and share the extra profit. 招标投标法 concepts classify this as which prohibited act?

  1. Ordinary 巡视 by 监理
  2. Collusive bidding (串通投标) Correct answer.
  3. Mandatory 平行检验
  4. A lawful 联合体 with disclosed joint-venture terms

Explanation

串通投标-bidders coordinating quotes or rotating wins-is prohibited. A disclosed compliant joint venture is different. Inspection methods are not a name for collusion.

Question 48Procurement choices, supplied contracts and incentives

A bidder offers a price below its own cost to kill competition, intending to recover later through claims. 招标投标法 concepts say this is which of the following?

  1. Prohibited below-cost competitive bidding Correct answer.
  2. Required as the only lawful strategy
  3. The definition of 公开招标
  4. A 监理 fee calculation method

Explanation

Tenderers may not bid below cost to win (nor bid in others' names or by fraud). Below-cost war is not 公开招标's definition and is not how 监理费 is priced.

Question 49Procurement choices, supplied contracts and incentives

Two firms of the same specialty form a bidding 联合体. How is the joint qualification grade determined under 招标投标法 concepts?

  1. By automatically doubling the higher grade
  2. By ignoring qualification because a 联合体 is exempt
  3. By the 监理员's personal preference
  4. By the lower qualification grade of the same-specialty members Correct answer.

Explanation

Same-specialty joint ventures take the lower qualification. Members must each be capable, sign a joint-bidding agreement, and bear joint liability if they win. 监理 preference does not grade the 联合体.

Question 50Procurement choices, supplied contracts and incentives

The 监理 unit that is helping the owner prepare this project's implementation bidding documents wants to bid as 承建单位 for the same implementation contract. What should happen?

  1. It should sit on the 评标委员会 and also bid
  2. It should leak other bidders' names to its own proposal team
  3. It must not bid: preparing bidding documents / 监理 for the package conflicts with being a competitor bidder Correct answer.
  4. It should bid secretly using another company's letterhead

Explanation

A party that prepared bidding documents or provided 监理/consulting on the package is commonly barred from bidding that package (conflict and fairness). Secret letterhead, dual role as evaluator and bidder, and leaking bidder lists are all prohibited patterns under 招标投标法 concepts.