CogAT Form 7 flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Verbal Analogies

Items presenting a pair of words with a stated relationship and a third word; the candidate selects the fourth word that completes the same relationship in the same direction.

Sentence Completion

Items with one or two blanks in a sentence; the candidate selects the word or word pair that makes the sentence logically and grammatically complete.

Verbal Classification

Items listing several words, three of which share a category; the candidate identifies the word that does not belong to that category.

Picture Analogies

Primary-level items using pictures instead of words to present an A-is-to-B relationship that must be matched by a C-is-to-D choice.

Picture Classification

Primary-level items showing pictures in which all but one share a visual or categorical property; the candidate selects the picture that does not belong.

Relationship direction

In analogies, the rule runs from the first term to the second; an answer that reverses the rule (B is to A) is incorrect even if the words are related.

Logic words

Words such as although, because, therefore, and not that signal contrast, cause, or negation in Sentence Completion and determine whether the blank takes a positive or negative word.

Specific category rule

In Verbal Classification, the correct answer shares the narrowest category with the other three; a word fitting only a broad superordinate category is the distractor.

Part-to-whole analogy

A relationship in which the first term is a component of the second, such as wheel is to car; the matching pair must preserve this component-to-whole direction.

Function analogy

A relationship in which the first term is used for the purpose named by the second, such as hammer is to nail; the answer must match the tool-to-purpose direction.

Number Analogies

Items giving a pair of numbers with a rule and a third number; the candidate applies the identical arithmetic rule to produce the fourth number.

Number Series

Items presenting a sequence of numbers generated by a rule; the candidate identifies the rule and selects the next number in the sequence.

Number Puzzles

Items giving equations with a missing value; the candidate solves for the value that satisfies the same relationship shown in the worked examples.

Quantitative Comparison

Items comparing two quantities; the candidate decides which is greater, whether they are equal, or whether the relationship cannot be determined from the given information.

First differences

The differences between consecutive terms of a series; a constant set indicates an arithmetic rule, while a patterned set indicates a second-order rule.

Interleaved sequence

A series formed by two alternating sub-sequences, each with its own rule; the next term is found by continuing the sub-sequence that supplies that position.

Multiplicative rule

A series rule that multiplies each term by a fixed factor, such as 2, 6, 18, 54; the next term is the previous term times that factor.

Two-step rule

An analogy or series rule combining two operations, such as multiply by 2 then add 1; both operations must be applied in the same order.

Proportion setup

A method for ratio and percent items in which equal ratios are written as a proportion and the unknown is solved by cross-multiplication.

Order-of-magnitude check

An estimation step that eliminates answer choices whose size is implausible before exact computation, reducing the number of candidates to verify.

Figure Analogies

Nonverbal items presenting a pair of figures related by a transformation and a third figure; the candidate selects the figure produced by the same transformation.

Figure Classification

Nonverbal items showing figures in which all but one share an invariant property such as symmetry, side count, or shading; the candidate selects the exception.

Paper Folding

Items showing a sheet folded and punched, then unfolded; the candidate selects the pattern of holes that results from reversing each fold.

Fold-line symmetry

The rule that every hole punched through a folded sheet appears mirrored across each fold line when the paper is fully unfolded.

Unfold in reverse order

A solving rule for Paper Folding in which the last fold made is undone first, mirroring the hole pattern across that fold line before undoing earlier folds.

Rotation versus reflection

Rotation turns a figure while preserving its orientation; reflection mirrors it and reverses orientation, so a mirrored figure is not a valid rotation.

Invariant property

A feature that stays the same across all figures in a classification set, such as number of sides, number of enclosed regions, or presence of a line of symmetry.

Count-based rule

A classification rule based on counting elements (sides, vertices, line segments, shaded regions) rather than on overall shape identity.

Shading transformation

A change in fill pattern between paired figures, such as solid to striped or shaded to unshaded, that must be repeated exactly in the answer figure.

Size transformation

A change in scale between paired figures, such as enlargement or reduction, applied identically to the third figure in a Figure Analogy item.

Added or removed element

A transformation in which a component such as a dot, line, or inner shape is added to or deleted from the figure between the paired terms.

Nonverbal battery

The portion of the test using only figures and shapes, with no reading required, assessing reasoning with transformations, classifications, and folded-paper patterns.