CT Fire Sprinkler flashcards
CT Fire Sprinkler · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Design density
- The amount of water, in gallons per minute per square foot, applied over the hydraulically most remote area. It is selected from the hazard classification curve and drives pipe sizing.
- Remote area
- The portion of the sprinkler system that is hydraulically most demanding. Its size depends on hazard, sprinkler type, and ceiling height, and it may be reduced under specific conditions.
- Hose stream allowance
- Water flow reserved for fire department hose use, added to the sprinkler demand at the base of the riser. It varies with hazard classification and supply adequacy.
- Light hazard
- An occupancy classification for low-combustibility contents and low fire load, such as offices, schools, and churches. It typically permits larger sprinkler coverage and lower design density.
- Ordinary hazard Group 1
- A hazard classification for occupancies with moderate combustibility and stockpiles below a stated height, such as parking garages and restaurants. It requires greater density than light hazard.
- Ordinary hazard Group 2
- A hazard classification for occupancies with higher combustibility or taller stockpiles, such as mercantile and manufacturing. It requires higher density and smaller sprinkler coverage than Group 1.
- Extra hazard
- The most severe hazard classification, covering occupancies with high combustibility, flammable liquids, or heavy dust. It uses the highest design densities and the largest remote areas.
- Sprinkler temperature rating
- The nominal activation temperature of a sprinkler's heat-responsive element. Ratings are grouped into ordinary, intermediate, and high ranges and must exceed expected ceiling temperature.
- Ordinary temperature rating
- A sprinkler rating range of roughly 135 to 170 degrees Fahrenheit, used in most occupied spaces with normal ceiling temperatures. It is the default for many light and ordinary hazard areas.
- Intermediate temperature rating
- A sprinkler rating range of roughly 175 to 225 degrees Fahrenheit, used where ceiling temperatures are elevated, such as near skylights, heaters, or attic spaces.
- High temperature rating
- A sprinkler rating range of roughly 250 to 300 degrees Fahrenheit, used in high-heat environments such as near furnaces or in certain industrial processes.
- Quick-response sprinkler
- A sprinkler with a fast-acting heat-responsive element, often a glass bulb. In qualifying wet systems it can permit a reduced design area in light-hazard occupancies.
- Standard-response sprinkler
- A sprinkler with a slower heat-responsive element, typically a fusible link. It is used where quick-response reduction is not permitted or where the hazard requires a robust spray.
- Extended coverage sprinkler
- A sprinkler listed for coverage areas larger than standard, allowing wider spacing. Its use is limited by listing, hazard, and ceiling height, and it requires higher minimum pressure.
- Sidewall sprinkler
- A sprinkler mounted on a wall or side of a soffit that discharges outward across the protected area. Spacing and coverage rules differ from pendant and upright sprinklers.
- Pendent sprinkler
- A sprinkler that hangs below the branch line and discharges downward, typically with a deflector that spreads water over the floor. It is common in finished ceilings.
- Upright sprinkler
- A sprinkler mounted above the branch line with the deflector facing up, discharging upward against the ceiling. It is common in exposed-structure and warehouse settings.
- Wet-pipe system
- A system in which the piping is filled with pressurized water at all times, so a sprinkler opens and water discharges immediately. It is the most common and simplest type.
- Dry-pipe system
- A system in which the piping holds pressurized air or nitrogen, and water is admitted when a sprinkler opens and pressure drops. It requires an increased remote area.
- Preaction system
- A dry-pipe arrangement in which a detection system must operate before water enters the piping, reducing accidental discharge risk. It is used where water damage is a concern.
- Deluge system
- A system with open sprinklers and a deluge valve that releases water to all sprinklers at once upon detection. It is used for high-hazard or special protection applications.
- Wet alarm valve
- A valve in a wet-pipe system that opens on water flow and activates the alarm. It includes a check valve and connections for gauges, drain, and alarm devices.
- Dry-pipe valve
- A valve that holds back water until air pressure in the system drops, then admits water. It includes a clapper, priming water, and alarm connections.
- Flow switch
- A device that detects water movement in the piping and sends an alarm signal. It is installed on the riser or branch and tested during acceptance and periodic inspections.
- Main drain test
- A test that opens the main drain to measure static and residual pressure at the riser, confirming supply adequacy and valve condition. Results are compared to prior readings.
- Hydrostatic test
- A pressure test of the piping at a specified pressure above working pressure for a specified duration, performed before the system is placed in service to verify integrity.
- Hydraulic calculation
- A calculation of pressure loss through pipe, fittings, and devices to determine required supply pressure and flow. It confirms the system meets design density at the remote area.
- Pipe schedule method
- A prescriptive sizing method using tables that relate pipe diameter to the number of sprinklers served. It is limited to small, light-hazard systems within stated limits.
- Sprinkler coverage area
- The floor area protected by one sprinkler, determined by spacing along and between branch lines. Maximum coverage depends on hazard and sprinkler listing.
- Branch-line spacing
- The maximum distance between sprinklers along a branch line, set by hazard and sprinkler type. The distance from the last sprinkler to the branch end is also limited.
- Deflector distance
- The required distance between a sprinkler deflector and the ceiling or obstruction, set by listing and standard. It ensures proper spray pattern development.
- Water supply flow test
- A test measuring static and residual pressure at known flow to characterize the available water supply. Results are plotted and compared to the system demand.