Cuba Cardiology Specialty - independent subject foundations flashcards

20 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Acute myocardial injury

A rise or fall of cardiac troponin with at least one value above the reference threshold, interpreted separately from proof of ischemic infarction.

Unstable angina

A clinically unstable ischemic presentation that can occur without biomarker evidence of acute myocardial necrosis and requires clinical risk assessment.

MINOCA

A working category of infarction without obstructive coronary disease that requires investigation of the underlying mechanism and exclusion of mimics.

Reperfusion

Restoration of blood flow to ischemic myocardium through an appropriate emergency strategy selected using presentation, timing, contraindications and local capability.

Ventricular septal rupture

A post-infarction mechanical complication creating a ventricular left-to-right communication that can cause a murmur, shock and an oxygen-saturation step-up.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

A clinical heart-failure syndrome with preserved measured ejection fraction, supported by evidence of abnormal filling or related structural and functional findings.

Sequential nephron blockade

Combining diuretic actions at different nephron sites for selected resistant congestion while monitoring renal function, electrolytes and the clinical response.

Cardiac amyloidosis

Myocardial deposition disease requiring appropriate subtype assessment; suggestive wall thickness and strain patterns do not independently establish its protein type.

Ventricular interdependence

Mechanical interaction between ventricles such that changes in filling or pressure in one chamber influence the other under relevant physiological constraints.

Cardiac tamponade

Hemodynamic compromise from pericardial pressure impairing cardiac filling, diagnosed through integrated clinical and imaging assessment rather than effusion size alone.

AV nodal reentry

A supraventricular tachycardia mechanism involving functionally distinct conduction pathways near or within the atrioventricular node, interpreted using rhythm and clinical findings.

Pre-excited atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation conducting through an accessory pathway, in which inappropriate AV nodal blockade can create a dangerous ventricular response.

Cardiac resynchronization

A pacing strategy designed to improve coordinated ventricular activation in appropriately selected patients with electrical dyssynchrony and heart-failure features.

Primary mitral regurgitation

Mitral regurgitation arising principally from pathology of the valve apparatus rather than ventricular or atrial remodeling with relatively normal leaflets.

Low-flow low-gradient aortic stenosis

A discordant valve-assessment pattern requiring verification of measurements and flow conditions and sometimes additional imaging to establish actual severity.

Eisenmenger physiology

Severe pulmonary vascular disease associated with reversal or bidirectional flow through a previously left-to-right cardiovascular shunt and systemic desaturation.

Resistant hypertension

Persistently uncontrolled pressure despite an appropriate multidrug regimen after measurement error, adherence problems and out-of-office patterns have been assessed.

Pulmonary vascular resistance

The difference between mean pulmonary artery and wedge pressures divided by cardiac output, usually expressed in Wood units with compatible measurements.

Fractional flow reserve

A pressure-derived index obtained during appropriate hyperemia to help assess the physiological significance of a coronary lesion within its clinical context.

Late gadolinium enhancement

A magnetic resonance tissue-characterization finding whose distribution can help distinguish ischemic scar from several nonischemic myocardial disease patterns.